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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology >Advances and Developments in Strategies to Improve Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Processes to Obtain the Lignocellulosic Ethanol−A Review
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Advances and Developments in Strategies to Improve Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Processes to Obtain the Lignocellulosic Ethanol−A Review

机译：酿酒酵母菌种改良策略及木质纤维素乙醇合成工艺的研究进展-综述

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摘要

The conversion of biomass into ethanol using fast, cheap, and efficient methodologies to disintegrate and hydrolyse the lignocellulosic biomass is the major challenge of the production of the second-generation ethanol. This revision describes the most relevant advances on the conversion process of lignocellulose materials into ethanol, development of new xylose-fermenting strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using classical and modern genetic tools and strategies, elucidation of the expression of some complex industrial phenotypes, tolerance mechanisms of S. cerevisiae to lignocellulosic inhibitors, monitoring and strategies to improve fermentation processes. In the last decade, numerous engineered pentose-fermenting yeasts have been developed using molecular biology tools. The increase in the tolerance of S. cerevisiae to inhibitors is still an important issue to be exploited. As the industrial systems of ethanol production operate under non-sterile conditions, microbial subpopulations are generated, depending on the operational conditions and the levels of contaminants. Among the most critical requirements for production of the second-generation ethanol is the reduction in the levels of toxic by-products of the lignocellulosic hydrolysates and the production of low-cost and efficient cellulosic enzymes. A number of procedures have been established for the conversion of lignocellulosic materials into ethanol, but none of them are completely satisfactory when process time, costs, and efficiency are considered.
机译：使用快速，廉价和有效的方法分解和水解木质纤维素生物质来将生物质转化为乙醇是第二代乙醇生产的主要挑战。该修订版描述了木质纤维素材料向乙醇转化过程中最相关的进展，使用经典和现代遗传工具和策略开发的酿酒酵母新木糖发酵菌株，阐明了一些复杂的工业表型的表达，S的耐受机制酿酒酵母对木质纤维素抑制剂的监测和改善发酵过程的策略。在过去的十年中，已经使用分子生物学工具开发了许多工程戊糖发酵酵母。酿酒酵母对抑制剂的耐受性的提高仍然是待开发的重要问题。由于乙醇生产的工业系统在非无菌条件下运行，因此会根据运行条件和污染物水平生成微生物亚群。生产第二代乙醇的最关键要求之一是降低木质纤维素水解产物的有毒副产物的水平以及生产低成本高效的纤维素酶。已经建立了用于将木质纤维素材料转化为乙醇的许多程序，但是当考虑到处理时间，成本和效率时，它们都不是完全令人满意的。

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