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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Economics >International student-migrant flows and growth in low- and middle-income countries: brain gain or brain drain?
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International student-migrant flows and growth in low- and middle-income countries: brain gain or brain drain?

机译：国际学生移民流动和中等收入国家的增长：脑增益或脑流失？

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摘要

The number of students flowing from low-income countries to high-income countries has grown over the past several decades but is likely to fall substantially in the coming years due to the coronavirus pandemic. To gauge the potential impact of the coronavirus-induced reduction in the international flow of student migrants, we estimate the pre-pandemic effects of student migration from 122 low- and middle-income countries to French- and English-speaking high-income countries on the economic growth of the sending countries. Using region fixed-effects and instrumental-variables estimators to address the potential endogeneity of student-migrant flows, we find positive and statistically significant effects of student migration on per capita GDP in sending countries. These findings are robust to different time lags, and are increasing over time. Our results indicate that student migrants have a modest but meaningful impact on the short-run economic growth of their home countries. In terms of the mechanisms through which student-migrant flows can affect growth of the home countries, we find evidence of 'incentive effects' for students going to English-speaking countries, and evidence of student-migrant flows affecting interest in politics and democratic political systems in the sending countries.
机译：从低收入国家到高收入国家流动的学生人数已经在过去的几十年中增长，但由于冠状病毒大流行，可能会大幅下降。为了衡量冠状病毒诱导的学生移民国际流量的潜在影响，我们估计了从122名低收入中等收入到法语和英语的高收入国家的学生移民的大流行性影响送国的经济增长。使用区域固定效果和仪器变量估计来解决学生移民流动的潜在内生性，我们在送国内的人均GDP上发现了学生迁移的积极和统计学意义。这些发现对于不同的时间滞后是强大的，并且随着时间的推移而增加。我们的结果表明，学生移民对祖国短期经济增长有谦虚而有意义的影响。在学生流动流动可能影响本国的增长的机制方面，我们发现对英语国家的学生的“激励作用”的证据，以及影响对政治和民主政治兴趣的学生移民流动的证据送国系统。

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