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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology >Microbial degradation and fate in the environment of methyl tert-butyl ether and related fuel oxygenates
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Microbial degradation and fate in the environment of methyl tert-butyl ether and related fuel oxygenates

机译：甲基叔丁基醚和相关燃料含氧化合物环境中的微生物降解和结局

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摘要

Oxygenates, mainly methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), are commonly added to gasoline to enhance octane index and improve combustion efficiency. Other oxygenates used as gasoline additives are ethers such as ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE), tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME), and alcohols such as tert-butyl alcohol (TBA). As a result of its wide use, MTBE has been detected, mainly in the USA, in groundwater and surface waters, and is a cause of concern because of its possible health effects and other undesirable consequences. MTBE is a water-soluble and mobile compound that generates long pollution plumes in aquifers impacted by gasoline releases from leaking tanks. Field observations concur in estimating that, because of recalcitrance to biodegradation, natural attenuation is slow (half-life of at least 2 years). However, quite significant advances have been made in recent years concerning the microbiology of the degradation of MTBE and other oxygenated gasoline additives. The recalcitrance of these compounds results from the presence in their structure of an ether bond and of a tertiary carbon structure. For the most part, only aerobic microbial degradation systems have been reported so far. Consortia capable of mineralizing MTBE have been selected. Multiple instances of the cometabolism of MTBE with pure strains or with microfloræ, growing on n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclohexane or ethers (diethyl ether, ETBE), have been described. MTBE was converted into TBA in all cases and was sometimes further degraded, but it was not used as a carbon source by the pure strains. However, mineralization of MTBE and TBA by several pure bacterial strains using these compounds as sole carbon and energy source has recently been reported. The pathways of metabolism of MTBE involve the initial attack by a monooxygenase. In several cases, the enzyme was characterized as a cytochrome P-450. After oxygenation, the release of a C1-unit as formaldehyde or formate leads to the production of TBA, which can be converted to 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid and further metabolized. Developments in microbiology make biological treatment of water contaminated with MTBE and other oxygenates an attractive possibility. Work concerning ex situ treatment in biofilters by consortia and by pure strains, and involving or not cometabolism, is under way. Furthermore, the development of in situ treatment processes is a promisinggoal.
机译：含氧化合物（主要是甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE））通常添加到汽油中，以提高辛烷值并提高燃烧效率。用作汽油添加剂的其他含氧化合物是醚，例如乙基叔丁基醚（ETBE），叔戊基甲基醚（TAME）和醇，例如叔丁醇（TBA）。由于MTBE的广泛使用，主要在美国的地下水和地表水中检测到MTBE，并且由于其可能的健康影响和其他不良后果而引起关注。 MTBE是一种水溶性和移动性化合物，受泄漏罐泄漏的汽油影响，在含水层中产生长久的污染羽流。实地观察认为，由于对生物降解的抵抗力，自然衰减很慢（半衰期至少为2年）。然而，近年来，关于MTBE和其他氧化汽油添加剂的降解的微生物学已经取得了相当大的进步。这些化合物的顽抗性是由于在它们的结构中存在醚键和叔碳结构。迄今为止，在大多数情况下，仅报告了需氧微生物降解系统。已选择能够矿化MTBE的财团。已经描述了纯菌株或微生物在正烷烃，异烷烃，环己烷或醚（乙醚，ETBE）上生长的MTBE代谢的多种情况。在所有情况下，MTBE都转化为TBA，有时会进一步降解，但纯菌株并未将其用作碳源。然而，最近已经报道了使用这些化合物作为唯一碳和能源的几种纯细菌菌株对MTBE和TBA的矿化作用。 MTBE的代谢途径涉及单加氧酶的初始攻击。在某些情况下，该酶的特征是细胞色素P-450。氧合后，C1-单元以甲醛或甲酸酯的形式释放会导致生成TBA，可将其转化为2-羟基异丁酸并进一步代谢。微生物学的发展使得对被MTBE和其他含氧化合物污染的水进行生物处理成为可能。有关由财团和纯菌株在生物滤池中进行异位处理的工作正在进行，涉及或不涉及新陈代谢。此外，原位处理方法的发展是有希望的目标。

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  • 来源
    《Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology》 |2001年第4期|339-349|共11页
  • 作者

    F. Fayolle; J.-P. Vandecasteele; F. Monot;

  • 作者单位

    Institut Français du Pétrole Département de Microbiologie 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex France;

    Institut Français du Pétrole Département de Microbiologie 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex France;

    Institut Français du Pétrole Département de Microbiologie 1 et 4 avenue de Bois-Préau 92852 Rueil-Malmaison Cedex France;

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