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Causation: A functional perspective

机译：因果关系：功能视角

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摘要

Causation is shrouded in mystery. Notwithstanding much work on causation in a number of different domains, it remains a challenge to build an adequate theory of causation for applied ontology. This paper offers a functional perspective on causation, thereby enabling domain experts to have a fairly expressive representation of various causal phenomena. As for its theoretical basis, causation is modeled upon the device ontology view of reality, assuming an intimate connection between causation and context; and a conceptual affinity between causation and function is discussed in detail, based on the recently developed theory of systemic function and the idea of 'causally efficacious occurrents', thereby introducing achieves and prevents as two basic causal relations. In addition, the idea of a state-centered approach to causation results in the definition of allows and disallows causal relations, in order to accommodate a wide range of examples based on the state-mediated type of causation. All this leads to three kinds of causal relata (events, processes, and states) and a fourfold distinction of causal relations (achieves, prevents, allows, and disallows). This paper also provides a preliminary formalization of these four causal relations and takes the first step towards a full-fledged functional theory of causation.
机译：因果关系笼罩在神秘之中。尽管在许多不同领域中进行了很多因果关系研究，但为应用本体论建立适当的因果关系理论仍然是一个挑战。本文提供了因果关系的功能性观点，从而使领域专家能够对各种因果现象进行相当有表现力的体现。就其理论基础而言，因果关系是基于设备本体对现实的看法而建立的，假定因果关系和上下文之间存在密切的联系。并基于最近发展的系统功能理论和“因果有效发生者”的思想，详细讨论了因果与功能之间的概念亲和力，从而介绍了作为两个基本因果关系的实现和预防。另外，以状态为中心的因果关系方法的思想导致定义允许和不允许因果关系，以便适应基于状态介导的因果类型的各种示例。所有这些导致三种因果关系（事件，过程和状态）和因果关系的四重区分（实现，阻止，允许和不允许）。本文还提供了这四个因果关系的初步形式化，并朝着完善的因果功能理论迈出了第一步。

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