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Open-channel measurement of denitrification in a large lowland river

机译：大型低地河流中反硝化的明渠测量

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摘要

Denitrification is considered to be the most important pathway removing nitrogen from terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. However, field studies that quantify this process under in situ conditions are sparse, especially in large rivers. Here, we measured N-2, the end product of denitrification, directly in the water column of a large 8th order lowland river (Elbe, Germany) using N-2/Ar ratios measured by Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometry (MIMS). Denitrification was calculated according to the open-channel two-station approach based on Lagrangian sampling along a 580 km long, mostly free flowing river section. Gas exchange was computed by several empirical equations to bound uncertainty in air-water exchange and the resulting fluxes were used to estimate ranges in N-2-production. In summer 2011 and spring 2012, we found slight but distinct N-2 super saturations in the river water averaging 2.8 and 3.5 mu M, respectively. Denitrification rates averaged 18 and 13 mg N m(-2) h(-1) for summer 2011 and spring 2012, respectively. On an annual cycle this corresponds to a nitrogen removal of 10,000 t N year(-1) that is 10% of the total N inputs along the studied river section. These results show that large rivers can remove large amounts of nitrogen during downstream transport and demonstrate that the open-channel N-2 method provides a valuable tool to study in situ denitrification not only in small, but also in large rivers.
机译：反硝化被认为是从陆地和淡水生态系统中去除氮的最重要途径。但是，在现场条件下对这一过程进行量化的野外研究很少，尤其是在大河流中。在这里，我们使用膜入口质谱法（MIMS）测量的N-2 / Ar比值，直接在8级大型低地河流（德国易北河）的水柱中直接测量了反硝化的最终产物N-2。根据拉格朗日采样，沿着一条长580 km，大部分为自由流动的河段，根据拉格朗日采样，根据明渠两站方法计算了脱氮量。通过几个经验方程式来计算气体交换，以限制空气-水交换中的不确定性，并将所得通量用于估算N-2产量的范围。在2011年夏季和2012年春季，我们在河水中发现了轻微但明显的N-2饱和度，分别为2.8和3.5μM。 2011年夏季和2012年春季的反硝化率分别平均为18和13 mg N m（-2）h（-1）。在一个年度循环中，这相当于10,000 t N year（-1）的氮去除量，占所研究河段氮输入总量的10％。这些结果表明，大河流可以在下游运输过程中去除大量的氮，并证明明渠N-2方法不仅为小河流而且在大河流中提供了研究原位反硝化的有价值的工具。

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  • 来源
    《Aquatic Sciences》 |2018年第1期|11.1-11.13|共13页
  • 作者

    Ritz Stephanie; Daehnke Kirstin; Fischer Helmut;

  • 作者单位

    BfG, Fed Inst Hydrol, Dept Ecol Interact, Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany|BfN, Fed Agcy Nat Conservat, Dept Inland Waters Floodplain Ecosyst & Water Bal, Konstantinstr 110, D-53179 Bonn, Germany;

    Helmholtz Ctr Geesthacht, Inst Coastal Res, Max Planck Str 1, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany;

    BfG, Fed Inst Hydrol, Dept Ecol Interact, Mainzer Tor 1, D-56068 Koblenz, Germany;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Large rivers; Nutrient cycling; N-2; N-2/Ar; Nitrogen retention; MIMS;

    机译：大河;养分循环;N-2;N-2 / Ar;固氮;MIMS;

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