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A simple procedure for the assessment of hydropeaking flow alterations applied to several European streams

机译：评估欧洲峰值水流的水峰流量变化的简单程序

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摘要

Release of water from storage hydropower plants generates rapid flow and stage fluctuations (hydropeaking) in the receiving water bodies at a variety of sub-daily time-scales. In this paper we present an approach to quantify such variations, which is easy to apply, requires stream flow data at a readily available resolution, and allows for the comparison of hydropeaking flow alteration amongst several gauged stations. Hydropeaking flow alteration is quantified by adopting a rigorous statistical approach and using two indicators related to flow magnitude and rate of change. We utilised a comprehensive stream-flow dataset of 105 gauging stations from Italy, Switzerland and Norway to develop our method. Firstly, we used a GIS approach to objectively assign the stations to one of two groups: gauges with an upstream water release from hydropower plants (peaked group) and without upstream releases (unpeaked group). Secondly, we used the datasets of the unpeaked group to calculate one threshold for each of the two indicators. Thresholds defined three different classes: absent or low pressure, medium, and high pressure, and all stations were classified according to these pressure levels. Thirdly, we showed that the thresholds can change, depending on the country dataset, the year chosen for the analysis, the number of gauging stations, and the temporal resolution of the dataset, but the outcome of the classification remains the same. Hence, the classification method we propose can be considered very robust since it is almost insensitive to the hydropeaking thresholds variability. Therefore, the method is broadly applicable to procedures for the evaluation of flow regime alterations and classification of river hydromorphological quality, and may help to guide river restoration actions.
机译：从存储水力发电厂释放的水会在各个次日尺度上在接收水体中产生快速的流量和水位波动（水峰）。在本文中，我们提出了一种量化这种变化的方法，该方法易于应用，需要以易于获得的分辨率获得水流数据，并允许在多个测量站之间比较水峰流量变化。通过采用严格的统计方法并使用与流量大小和变化率相关的两个指标来量化水峰流量变化。我们利用来自意大利，瑞士和挪威的105个计量站的综合流量数据集来开发我们的方法。首先，我们使用GIS方法客观地将电站分配给以下两个组之一：具有从水力发电厂上游排放的水位计（高峰组）和没有上游排放的水位计（无高峰组）。其次，我们使用无语组的数据集为两个指标中的每个指标计算一个阈值。阈值定义了三种不同的类别：无压力或低压，中压和高压，并且根据这些压力水平对所有站点进行了分类。第三，我们表明阈值可以改变，具体取决于国家数据集，用于分析的年份，测量站的数量以及数据集的时间分辨率，但是分类的结果保持不变。因此，我们建议的分类方法可以被认为是非常可靠的，因为它几乎对水峰阈值变化不敏感。因此，该方法广泛适用于流态变化评估和河流水文形态质量分类的程序，并可能有助于指导河流恢复行动。

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