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Current state of knowledge regarding South America wetlands and their future under global climate change

机译：全球气候变化下有关南美湿地及其未来的最新知识

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The exact size of the wetland area of South America is not known but may comprise as much as 20% of the sub-continent, with river floodplains and intermittent interfluvial wetlands as the most prominent types. A few wetland areas have been well studied, whereas little is known about others, including some that are very large. Despite the fact that most South American countries have signed the Ramsar convention, efforts to elaborate basic data have been insufficient, thereby hindering the formulation of a wetland-friendly policy allowing the sustainable management of these areas. Until now, the low population density in many wetland areas has provided a high level of protection; however, the pressure on wetland integrity is increasing, mainly as a result of land reclamation for agriculture and animal ranching, infrastructure building, pollution, mining activities, and the construction of hydroelectric power plants. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has predicted increasing temperatures, accelerated melting of the glaciers in Patagonia and the Andes, a rise in sea level of 20-60 cm, and an increase in extreme multiannual and short-term climate events (El Nino and La Nina, heavy rains and droughts, heat waves). Precipitation may decrease slightly near the Caribbean coast as well as over large parts of Brazil, Chile, and Patagonia, but increase in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru, around the equator, and in southeastern South America. Of even greater impact may be a change in rainfall distribution, with precipitation increasing during the rainy season and decreasing during the dry season. There is no doubt that the predicted changes in global climate will strongly affect South American wetlands, mainly those with a low hydro-logic buffer capacity. However, for the coming decades, wetland destruction by wetland-unfriendly development planning will by far outweigh the negative impacts of global climate change. South American governments must bear in mind that there are many benefits that wetlands bring about for the landscape and biodiversity as well as for humans. While water availability will be the key problem for the continent's cities and agroindustries, intact wetlands can play a major role in storing water, buffering river and stream discharges, and recharging subterranean aquifers.
机译：南美湿地面积的确切大小尚不清楚，但可能占该次大陆的20％，其中以河滩和间歇性河流间湿地为最主要类型。对一些湿地地区进行了充分的研究，而对其他湿地却知之甚少，包括一些非常大的湿地。尽管大多数南美国家已经签署了《拉姆萨尔公约》，但详细的基础数据努力还不够，因此阻碍了对湿地的友好政策的制定，从而使这些地区得以可持续管理。到目前为止，许多湿地地区人口密度低，提供了高度的保护；然而，对湿地完整性的压力正在增加，这主要是由于用于农牧业的土地开垦，基础设施建设，污染，采矿活动以及水力发电厂的建设。政府间气候变化专门委员会预测温度会升高，巴塔哥尼亚和安第斯山脉的冰川加速融化，海平面上升20-60厘米，极端的多年期和短期气候事件也将增加（厄尔尼诺和拉美妮娜，大雨和干旱，热浪）。在加勒比海沿岸以及巴西，智利和巴塔哥尼亚的大部分地区，降水可能会略有减少，但在哥伦比亚，厄瓜多尔和秘鲁，赤道附近以及南美东南部，降水会增加。影响更大的可能是降雨分布的变化，降雨在雨季增加而在旱季减少。毫无疑问，全球气候的预计变化将对南美湿地产生重大影响，主要是水文缓冲能力低的湿地。但是，在未来几十年中，由于对湿地的不友好发展计划而造成的湿地破坏将远远超过全球气候变化的负面影响。南美各国政府必须牢记，湿地为景观，生物多样性以及人类带来许多好处。尽管水的供应将是非洲大陆城市和农用工业的关键问题，但完整的湿地可以在储水，缓冲河流和溪流排放以及为地下蓄水层补给中发挥重要作用。

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