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The State of knowledge about wetlands and their future under aspects of global climate change: the situation in Russia

机译：全球气候变化下对湿地及其未来的了解状况：俄罗斯的情况

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摘要

About two-thirds of Russia's land area are flat lands, which contributes to the development of conditions favouring wetland formation. Wetlands cover vast areas, especially in the north. Wetlands in the former Soviet Union were not recognized as separate or distinct ecosystems and this is still the situation in Russia today. Bogs are one of the most abundant and typical wetlands and were treated as worthless wastelands. Beginning in the 17th century and continuing under the Soviet government there was an enforced policy to drain wetlands and reclaim the land, mainly for farming. After the collapse of the USSR, this practice was discontinued along with the Soviet model of agriculture and an end to the forced and unnecessary use of pesticides and fertilizers with the result that the toxic load on Russian aquatic systems decreased drastically. Industrial production was also greatly curtailed. While it is now recovering, many of these are turning to environmentally-friendly technologies. The intensity of land-use related impacts upon Russian wetlands is negligible compared to that in more densely populated countries and therefore the environmental conservation of wetlands in Russia may not currently be an urgent problem. There is currently no consensus on what the overall direct and indirect impacts of climate change on the number of Russian wetlands will be-in some areas they may increase but decrease in others. In Russia, the most urgent issue is not the preservation of wetlands but the development of proper wetland management practices. For effective plans, data and information on wetland status, trends and characteristics are required that are not currently available.
机译：俄罗斯约三分之二的土地是平坦土地，这有助于形成有利于湿地形成的条件。湿地覆盖广阔的地区，尤其是在北部。前苏联的湿地并未被视为独立或不同的生态系统，而今天的俄罗斯仍然是这种情况。沼泽是最丰富和典型的湿地之一，被视为毫无价值的荒地。从17世纪开始，在苏联政府的领导下一直实行强制执行的政策，将湿地排干并开垦土地，主要用于耕种。苏联解体后，这种做法随着苏联的农业模式而终止，并终止了强制性和不必要的农药和化肥使用，结果使俄罗斯水生系统的毒性负荷急剧下降。工业生产也大大减少。虽然现在正在恢复，但其中许多正在转向环保技术。与人口稠密的国家相比，土地使用对俄罗斯湿地的影响强度可以忽略不计，因此俄罗斯湿地的环境保护目前可能不是紧迫的问题。目前尚无共识，气候变化对俄罗斯湿地数量的总体直接和间接影响将是什么-在某些地区，它们可能增加而在其他地区，则减少。在俄罗斯，最紧迫的问题不是保护湿地，而是发展适当的湿地管理方法。为了制定有效的计划，需要有关湿地状况，趋势和特征的数据和信息，而目前尚无这些数据和信息。

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  • 来源
    《Aquatic Sciences》 |2013年第1期|27-38|共12页
  • 作者

    Richard D. Robarts; Alexander V. Zhulidov; Dmitry F. Pavlov;

  • 作者单位

    UNEP GEMS/WATER Programme, c/o NWRI, 11 Innovation Blvd. Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada;

    South Russian Regional Centre for Preparation and Implementation of International Projects Ltd (CPPI-S), 200/1 Stachki Ave., Office 301, Rostov-on-Don 344090, Russia;

    Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borok 152742, Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    bogs; karst; peatlands; climate wanning; tundra; siberia;

    机译：沼泽喀斯特泥炭地气候减弱苔原西伯利亚;

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