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The status of wetlands, threats and the predicted effect of global climate change: the situation in Sub-Saharan Africa

机译：湿地状况，威胁和全球气候变化的预期影响：撒哈拉以南非洲的局势

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The larger wetlands of Sub-Saharan Africa, cover 2,072,775 km~2 (9.01 %) of the landmass. This paper reviews the major threats, including climate change, to these wetlands, a number of which lie in semi-arid regions. Climate change predictions are that the arid or semi-arid regions of Africa in the latitudes around the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer will become drier. The future of wetlands is allied to human well-being, and the effects of climate change cannot be de-linked from human activities occurring in and around wetlands. The high productivity of wetlands supports substantial populations of poor people dependent on ecosystem services for at least part of their livelihood. This is particularly so in the semi-arid Sahel in the North and equivalent latitudes in the south, which are seen as vulnerable to climate change largely due to high levels of poverty and low adaptive capacity. While sustainable ecosystem management is a long-term goal, survival is more immediate to poor people depending on ecosystem services for their livelihoods. Population increase and a decrease in the resource base due to predicted decreased rainfall will lead to over exploitation of the resource base. Certain engineering interventions redistribute ecosystem services to the benefit of those upstream or away from the river system. Governance systems play a key role in the sustainable management of resources. Breakdown of governance systems through civil war is seen as a driver of poverty and a major cause of breakdown in resource conservation, increasing the dependence of poor people on ecosystems.
机译：撒哈拉以南非洲较大的湿地覆盖了2,072,775 km〜2（9.01％）。本文回顾了对这些湿地的主要威胁，包括气候变化，其中许多位于半干旱地区。气候变化的预测是，在热带地区的摩ri座和巨蟹座周围的非洲干旱或半干旱地区将变得更干燥。湿地的未来与人类的福祉息息相关，气候变化的影响不能与湿地及其周围发生的人类活动脱钩。湿地的高生产力至少在一定程度上支持了依靠生态系统服务的大量贫困人口。在北部的半干旱萨赫勒地区和南部的同等纬度地区尤其如此，这些地区被视为易受气候变化的影响，这在很大程度上是由于高贫困水平和低适应能力。虽然可持续的生态系统管理是一项长期目标，但依靠生态系统的生计，穷人的生存更加迅速。由于预计降雨减少，人口增加和资源基础减少将导致资源基础的过度开发。某些工程干预措施将生态系统服务重新分配给上游或远离河流系统的人们。治理系统在资源的可持续管理中起着关键作用。内战导致的治理体系崩溃被认为是贫困的驱动力，也是资源保护崩溃的主要原因，这加剧了穷人对生态系统的依赖。

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