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The status of wetlands and the predicted effects of global climate change: the situation in Australia

机译：湿地状况和全球气候变化的预期影响：澳大利亚的情况

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摘要

The condition of many wetlands across Australia has deteriorated due to increased water regulation and the expansion and intensification of agriculture and increased urban and industrial expansion. Despite this situation, a comprehensive overview of the distribution and condition of wetlands across Australia is not available. Regional analyses exist and several exemplary mapping and monitoring exercises have been maintained to complement the more general information sets. It is expected that global climate change will exacerbate the pressures on inland wetlands, while sea level rises will adversely affect coastal wetlands. It is also expected that the exacerbation of these pressures will increase the potential for near-irreversible changes in the ecological state of some wetlands. Concerted institutional responses to such pressures have in the past proven difficult to sustain, although there is some evidence that a more balanced approach to water use and agriculture is being developed with the provision of increasing funds to purchase water for environmental flows being one example. We identify examples from around Australia that illustrate the impacts on wetlands of long-term climate change from palaeoecological records (southeastern Australia); water allocation (Murray-Darling Basin); dryland salinisation (south-western Australia); and coastal salinisation (northern Australia). These are provided to illustrate both the extent of change in wetlands and the complexity of differentiating the specific effects of climate change. An appraisal of the main policy responses by government to climate change is provided as a basis for further considering the opportunities for mitigation and adaptation to climate change.
机译：由于越来越多的水调节以及农业的扩张和集约化以及城市和工业扩张的增加，澳大利亚许多湿地的状况已经恶化。尽管存在这种情况，仍无法获得澳大利亚湿地分布和状况的全面概述。存在区域分析，并已维护了一些示例性的制图和监视练习以补充更一般的信息集。预计全球气候变化将加剧内陆湿地的压力，而海平面上升将对沿海湿地产生不利影响。还预期这些压力的加剧将增加某些湿地生态状态几乎不可逆转的变化的可能性。过去证明对这种压力采取协调一致的体制对策是难以维持的，尽管有证据表明，正在开发一种更加平衡的用水和农业方法，其中包括增加资金购买水以用于环境流量。我们从澳大利亚各地发现了一些例子，这些例子从古生态记录中就说明了长期气候变化对湿地的影响（澳大利亚东南部）；水资源分配（墨累达令盆地）；旱地盐碱化（澳大利亚西南部）；和沿海盐碱化（澳大利亚北部）。提供这些信息是为了说明湿地变化的程度以及区分气候变化具体影响的复杂性。对政府对气候变化的主要政策反应进行了评估，以此为基础，进一步考虑缓解和适应气候变化的机会。

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  • 来源
    《Aquatic Sciences》 |2013年第1期|73-93|共21页
  • 作者

    C. M. Finlayson; J. A. Davis; P. A. Gell; R. T. Kingsford; K. A. Parton;

  • 作者单位

    Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Start University, PO Box 789, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia;

    School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia;

    Centre for Environmental Management, School of Science and Engineering, University of Ballarat, PO Box 663,Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia;

    Australian Rivers and Wetland Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;

    Institute for Land, Water and Society, Charles Start University, PO Box 883, Orange, NSW 2800, Australia;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    climate change; water regulation; salinisation; mitigation; adaptation; carbon emissions;

    机译：气候变化;水调节;盐渍化;减轻;适应;碳排放量;

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