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The significance of European high mountain lakes in critical load distributions at the EMEP grid scale

机译：欧洲高山湖泊在EMEP网格规模上的关键负荷分布中的意义

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摘要

The integrated assessment models that drive atmospheric pollutant emission reduction policies within Europe, under the Convention on Long-range Trans-boundary Air Pollution, work at the scale of the EMEP grid (50 x 50 km). Critical loads are used to link anthropogenic deposition to adverse effects for individual ecosystems within each grid cell. The critical loads have two aspects, ecosystem area and the ecosystem specific critical load. The presence of highly acid-sensitive ecosystems within these grid cells can lead to very low critical loads of acidity which provide emission targets that are difficult to achieve: these cells are known as "binding grid squares". Since mountain lakes are highly sensitive to environmental change, their inclusion in critical loads assessments might be expected to result in lower EMEP scale critical loads. The combination of mountain lakes data with those from other ecosystems already included in the integrated modelling shows unexpected results. The average accumulated exceedance of critical loads of acidity may increase with either the presence of significant mountain lake catchment areas within grid cells or the presence of highly acidified clusters of sites. These circumstances occur in only a small number of grid cells. Furthermore, the relatively low sensitivity of mountain lakes to acidification in some regions means that their inclusion in EMEP scale models would lead to a relaxation of emission abatement requirements because of an increase in the area of ecosystems not exceeding critical loads and a decrease in AAE. Hence the potential effects of the inclusion of mountain lake critical loads of acidity in EMEP scale models vary greatly on a regional basis. The assumption that mountain lakes data could increase the incidence of "binding grid squares" is found to be unlikely.
机译：根据《远距离越境空气污染公约》，用于驱动欧洲范围内减少大气污染物排放政策的综合评估模型在EMEP网格规模（50 x 50 km）内工作。关键负荷用于将人为沉积与每个网格单元内单个生态系统的不利影响联系起来。临界负荷有两个方面，生态系统面积和生态系统特定临界负荷。这些网格单元中对酸高度敏感的生态系统的存在会导致极低的酸度临界负荷，从而提供难以实现的排放目标：这些单元被称为“绑定网格方块”。由于高山湖泊对环境变化高度敏感，因此将其纳入临界负荷评估中可能会导致EMEP规模的临界负荷较低。高山湖泊数据与已经包含在集成模型中的其他生态系统数据的结合显示出出乎意料的结果。随着网格单元内显着的高山湖泊集水区的存在或高度酸化的场所集群的存在，平均累积超过临界酸性负荷可能会增加。这些情况仅在少数网格单元中发生。此外，在某些地区，高山湖泊对酸化的敏感性相对较低，这意味着由于生态系统面积增加不超过临界负荷和AAE减少，将它们纳入EMEP规模模型将导致排放减排要求的放宽。因此，在区域基础上，将EMEP比例模型中的高山湖泊临界酸含量纳入其中的潜在影响差异很大。人们发现，关于高山湖泊数据可能增加“绑定网格正方形”发生率的假设不太可能。

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