For the first few years of Operation Iraqi Freedom, the heightened security posture on the roads of Iraq led coalition forces to adopt aggressive convoy tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). Coalition forces "owned" the roads. Simply put, convoys did not share the roads with Iraqis.rnAs tactical situations dictated, patrol or convoy commanders instructed their units to drive against the flow-cross into oncoming traffic and drive against traffic-or to drive over medians. Units maintained "bubbles," preventing civilian traffic from intermingling with coalition forces. Civilian vehicles entering a convoy's bubble were considered hostile. Another typical coalition practice was speeding or forcing military vehicles through traffic. These were common practices throughout most of the Iraq theater of operations until the end of 2008. Unfortunately, injury and death of civilians resulted from the aggressive nature of these practices that were intended to protect coalition forces.
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