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首页> 外文期刊>Asian Journal of Andrology >Regulation of spermatogenesis by paracrine/autocrine testicular factors
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Regulation of spermatogenesis by paracrine/autocrine testicular factors

机译：旁分泌/自分泌睾丸因子对精子发生的调节

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摘要

Spermatogenesis is a complex process regulated by endocrine and testicular paracrine/autocrine factors. Gonadotropins are involved in the regulation of several testicular paracrine factors, mainly of the IL-1 family and testicular hormones. Testicular cytokines and growth factors (such as IL-1, IL-6, TNF, IFN-γ, LIF and SCF) were shown to affect both the germ cell proliferation and the Leydig and Sertoli cells functions and secretion. Cytokines and growth factors are produced by immune cells and in the interstitial and seminiferous tubular compartments by various testicular cells, including Sertoli, Leydig, peritubular cells, spermatogonia, differentiated spermatogonia and even spermatozoa. Corresponding cytokine and growth factor receptors were demonstrated on some of the testicular cells. These cytokines also control the secretion of the gonadotropins and testosterone in the testis. Under pathological conditions the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines are increased and negatively affected spermatogenesis. Thus, the expression levels and the mechanisms involved in the regulation of testicular paracrine/autocrine factors should be considered in future therapeutic strategies for male infertility.
机译：精子发生是受内分泌和睾丸旁分泌/自分泌因子调节的复杂过程。促性腺激素参与几种睾丸旁分泌因子的调节，主要是IL-1家族和睾丸激素。睾丸细胞因子和生长因子（例如IL-1，IL-6，TNF，IFN-γ，LIF和SCF）显示出既影响生殖细胞增殖，又影响Leydig和Sertoli细胞的功能和分泌。细胞因子和生长因子是由免疫细胞以及各种睾丸细胞在间质和生精小管区室产生的，包括睾丸支持细胞，睾丸间质细胞，肾小管周围细胞，精原细胞，分化的精原细胞，甚至精子。在一些睾丸细胞上证实了相应的细胞因子和生长因子受体。这些细胞因子还控制睾丸中促性腺激素和睾丸激素的分泌。在病理条件下，促炎细胞因子的水平增加并且对精子发生产生负面影响。因此，在男性不育症的未来治疗策略中应考虑睾丸旁分泌/自分泌因子表达的表达水平和调控机制。

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