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首页> 外文期刊>Astrobiology >A Microbial Oasis in the Hypersaline Atacama Subsurface Discovered by a Life Detector Chip:Implications for the Search for Life on Mars
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A Microbial Oasis in the Hypersaline Atacama Subsurface Discovered by a Life Detector Chip:Implications for the Search for Life on Mars

机译：生命探测器芯片在超盐阿塔卡马地下的微生物绿洲：对在火星上寻找生命的启示

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摘要

The Atacama Desert has long been considered a good Mars analogue for testing instrumentation for planetary exploration, but very few data (if any) have been reported about the geomicrobiology of its salt-rich subsurface. We performed a Mars analogue drilling campaign next to the Salar Grande (Atacama, Chile) in July 2009, and several cores and powder samples from up to 5 m deep were analyzed in situ with LDChip300 (a Life Detector Chip containing 300 antibodies). Here, we show the discovery of a hypersaline subsurface microbial habitat associated with halite-, nitrate-, and perchlorate-containing salts at 2 m deep. LDChip300 detected bacteria, archaea, and other biological material (DNA, exopolysaccharides, some peptides) from the analysis of less than 0.5 g of ground core sample. The results were supported by oligonucleotide microarray hybridization in the field and finally confirmed by molecular phylogenetic analysis and direct visualization of microbial cells bound to halite crystals in the laboratory. Geochemical analyses revealed a habitat with abundant hygroscopic salts like halite (up to 260 g kg~(-1)) and perchlorate (41.13 μg g~(-1) maximum), which allow deliquescence events at low relative humidity. Thin liquid water films would permit microbes to proliferate by using detected organic acids like acetate (19.14μg g~(-1)) or formate (76.06μg g~(-1)) as electron donors, and sulfate (15875μg g~(-1)), nitrate (13490 μg g~(-1)), or perchlorate as acceptors. Our results correlate with the discovery of similar hygroscopic salts and possible deliquescence processes on Mars, and open new search strategies for subsurface martian biota. The performance demonstrated by our LDChip300 validates this technology for planetary exploration, particularly for the search for life on Mars.
机译：长期以来，阿塔卡马沙漠一直被认为是测试行星探测仪器的良好火星类似物，但有关其盐分丰富的地下地球微生物学的数据（如果有的话）很少。我们于2009年7月在Salar Grande（智利阿塔卡马）附近进行了一次火星模拟钻探活动，并使用LDChip300（一种含有300种抗体的生命检测器芯片）对从5m深的几个岩心和粉末样品进行了现场分析。在这里，我们显示了在2 m深处与盐分，硝酸盐和高氯酸盐相关的高盐分地下微生物栖息地的发现。通过分析少于0.5 g的地面核心样品，LDChip300检测到细菌，古细菌和其他生物材料（DNA，胞外多糖，某些肽）。该结果得到了该领域寡核苷酸微阵列杂交的支持，并最终通过分子系统发育分析和在实验室中直接观察与盐岩晶体结合的微生物细胞而得到证实。地球化学分析表明，一个栖息地具有大量的吸湿盐，例如盐酸盐（最大260 g kg〜（-1））和高氯酸盐（最大41.13μgg〜（-1）），这使得在相对湿度较低的情况下发生潮解事件。薄的液态水膜可以通过使用检测到的有机酸（例如乙酸盐（19.14μgg〜（-1））或甲酸盐（76.06μgg〜（-1））和电子硫酸盐（15875μgg〜（-））使微生物繁殖。 1）），硝酸盐（13490μgg〜（-1））或高氯酸盐作为受体。我们的结果与火星上类似的吸湿盐的发现和可能的潮解过程相关，并为地下火星生物群打开了新的搜索策略。我们的LDChip300所展示的性能证明了这项技术可用于行星探索，尤其是用于在火星上寻找生命。

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  • 来源
    《Astrobiology》 |2011年第10期|p.969-996|共28页
  • 作者

    Victor Parro; Graciela de Diego-Castilla; Mercedes Moreno-Paz; Yolanda Blanco; Patricia Cruz-Gil; Jose A. Rodriguez-Manfredi; David Fernandez-Remolar; Felipe Gomez; Manuel J. Gomez; Luis A. Rivas; Cecilia Demergasso; Alex Echeverria; Viviana N. Urtuvia; Marta Ruiz-Bermejo; Miriam Garcia-Villadangos; Marina Postigo; Monica Sanchez-Roman; Guillermo Chong-Diaz; Javier G6mez-Elvira;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Molecular Evolution Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC) Carretera de Ajalvir km 4 Torrejon de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid Spain;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Instrumentation, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica para la Mineria, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile;

    Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile;

    Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Molecular Evolution, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Departments of Planetology and Habitability, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

    Centro de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica para la Mineria, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile Department of Geological Sciences, Universidad Catolica del Norte, Antofagasta, Chile;

    Departments of Instrumentation, Centro de Astrobiologia (INTA-CSIC), Madrid, Spain;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    atacama desert; life detection; biosensor; biopolymers; in situ measurement;

    机译：阿塔卡马沙漠生命检测;生物传感器生物聚合物原位测量;

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