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首页> 外文期刊>Acta astronautica >Earth Orbiting Support Systems for commercial low Earth orbit data relay: Assessing architectures through tradespace exploration
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Earth Orbiting Support Systems for commercial low Earth orbit data relay: Assessing architectures through tradespace exploration

机译：商业低地球轨道数据中继的地球轨道支持系统：通过贸易空间探索评估架构

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摘要

As small satellites and Sun Synchronous Earth Observation systems are assuming an increased role in nowadays space activities, including commercial investments, it is of interest to assess how infrastructures could be developed to support the development of such systems and other spacecraft that could benefit from having a data relay service in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), as opposed to traditional Geostationary relays. This paper presents a tradespace exploration study of the architecture of such LEO commercial satellite data relay systems, here defined as Earth Orbiting Support Systems (EOSS). The paper proposes a methodology to formulate architectural decisions for EOSS constellations, and enu merate the corresponding tradespace of feasible architectures. Evaluation metrics are proposed to measure benefits and costs of architectures; lastly, a multicriteria Pareto criterion is used to downselect optimal architectures for subsequent analysis. The methodology is applied to two case studies for a set of 30 and 100 customer-spacecraft respectively, representing potential markets for LEO services in Exploration, Earth Observation, Science, and CubeSats. Pareto analysis shows how increased performance of the constellation is always achieved by an increased node size, as measured by the gain of the communications antenna mounted on EOSS spacecraft. On the other hand, nonlinear trends in optimal orbital altitude, number of satellites per plane, and number of orbital planes, are found in both cases. An upward trend in individual node memory capacity is found, although never exceeding 256 Gbits of onboard memory for both cases that have been considered, assuming the availability of a polar ground station for EOSS data downlink. System architects can use the proposed methodology to identify optimal EOSS constellations for a given service pricing strategy and customer target, thus identifying alternatives for selection by decision makers. (C) 2015 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：随着小型卫星和太阳同步地球观测系统在当今的太空活动（包括商业投资）中扮演着越来越重要的角色，因此有必要评估如何开发基础设施来支持此类系统和其他航天器的发展，而这些系统和其他航天器将从中受益。与传统的地球同步中继相反，低地球轨道（LEO）中的数据中继服务。本文提出了对这种LEO商业卫星数据中继系统（在此定义为地球轨道支持系统（EOSS））的体系结构的贸易空间探索研究。本文提出了一种方法来制定EOSS星座的体系结构决策，并枚举相应的可行体系结构交易空间。建议使用评估指标来衡量架构的收益和成本；最后，使用多准则Pareto准则来向下选择最佳架构，以进行后续分析。该方法分别应用于分别针对30个和100个客户飞船的两个案例研究，代表了探索，对地观测，科学和CubeSats中LEO服务的潜在市场。帕累托分析表明如何通过增加节点大小来始终实现星座性能的提高，节点大小由安装在EOSS航天器上的通信天线的增益来衡量。另一方面，在两种情况下，都发现了最佳轨道高度，每平面卫星数和轨道平面数的非线性趋势。尽管在考虑到两种情况的情况下，假设极地站可用于EOSS数据下行链路，但发现的两种情况下，单个节点的存储容量均呈上升趋势，尽管板载存储空间从未超过256 Gbit。系统架构师可以使用建议的方法为给定的服务定价策略和客户目标确定最佳的EOSS星座，从而确定供决策者选择的替代方案。 （C）2015年IAA。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。

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