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首页> 外文期刊>Acta astronautica >Compliance of the Italian satellites in low Earth orbit with the end-of-life disposal guidelines for Space Debris Mitigation and ranking of their long-term criticality for the environment
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Compliance of the Italian satellites in low Earth orbit with the end-of-life disposal guidelines for Space Debris Mitigation and ranking of their long-term criticality for the environment

机译：低地球轨道上的意大利卫星符合减缓空间碎片寿命终止准则并对其环境的长期重要性进行排名

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As of mid-2014, nearly 50 years since the launch of the first satellite, Italy had placed in low Earth orbit 29 objects: 27 payloads, 1 rocket body and 1 mission related object. 19 were yet in space: the IRIS rocket body and 18 payloads, 4 of which, belonging to the COSMO-SkyMed constellation, still operational and maneuverable. 16 objects had been deployed in space before the approval, in 2002, of the IADC Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines and 1 further payload had been launched before the ASI signature of the European Code of Conduct for Space Debris Mitigation, in 2005. While no object had been yet maneuvered to reduce its residual lifetime, due to the operational orbits chosen and area-to-mass ratios, 16 of them had decayed or were predicted to reenter in less than 25 years after mission completion, in agreement with current disposal recommendations. This corresponded to a compliance of 64% over 50 years, of 59% for the objects placed in orbit before the ASI signature of the European Code of Conduct, and of 75% for those launched afterwards, excluding the 4 maneuverable spacecraft still functional. Concerning the risk on the ground associated with uncontrolled reentries, just one satellite decayed in 2003 had a mass greater than 600 kg and a casualty expectancy in excess of 10(-4). For it, timely reentry predictions and alert time windows had been provided to the countries overflown. In order to evaluate the potential long-term detrimental effects on the environment of the abandoned or unmaneuverable objects, a new ranking index, also useful for active debris removal priority listing, was developed and applied. It is worth noting that all the 14 objects residing or descending below 1000 km exhibited an overall ranking index equivalent to just 8% of an average abandoned intact object in a 800 km sun-synchronous orbit. (C) 2015 IAA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：截至2014年中，距第一颗卫星发射已近50年，意大利将其放置在近地轨道上的29个物体：27个有效载荷，1个火箭弹和1个与任务有关的物体。 19架仍在太空中：IRIS火箭弹和18枚有效载荷，其中4个属于COSMO-SkyMed星座，仍在运行和可操纵。在2002年IADC批准《空间碎片缓减指南》之前，已在太空中部署了16个物体，在2005年欧洲空间碎片缓减行为守则的ASI签名之前，又发射了1个有效载荷。由于选择的运行轨道和面积与质量之比，已经进行了操纵以减少其剩余寿命，根据现行的处置建议，其中有16个在任务完成后不到25年内已经衰减或预计将重新进入。这相当于在50年内达到64％的合规性，在《欧洲行为守则》的ASI签名之前放置在轨道上的物体的合规性为59％，此后发射的物体的合规性为75％，不包括4架仍在运转的可操纵航天器。关于与不受控制的重返地面相关的地面风险，2003年仅一颗衰落的卫星的质量超过600千克，预期伤亡超过10（-4）。为此，已经向溢出的国家提供了及时的再入预报和警报时间窗口。为了评估废弃或无法操作的物体对环境的潜在长期有害影响，开发并应用了一种新的排名指数，该指数也可用于主动清除碎片优先列表。值得注意的是，位于或下降到1000 km以下的所有14个物体的总体排名指数仅相当于800 km太阳同步轨道上平均遗弃的完整物体的8％。 （C）2015年IAA。由Elsevier Ltd.出版。保留所有权利。

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