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Fiscal Policy after the Great Recession

机译：大萧条后的财政政策

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摘要

The Great Recession has severely hit the economies of most of the countries. Given that, fiscal policies have gained back a central role in the debate as a tool to recover from this situation. This paper provides an overview about the main controversial issues related to the fiscal policy. In particular, we analyze the role and the different effects played by discretionary counter-cyclical policies - say, for instance, tax cuts or increased government spending. Disagreement on this topic follows from the fact that it is extremely difficult to isolate the exogenous effect of these policies on GDP. We review several ways in which economists have tried to deal with this problem of estimation. Finally, we discuss why spending-based adjustments are preferable and less likely to be costly than tax-based ones and why large fiscal consolidation accompanied by appropriate policies can be much less costly than what we think.
机译：大萧条严重打击了大多数国家的经济。鉴于此，财政政策已在辩论中重新发挥了中心作用，作为从这种情况中恢复过来的工具。本文概述了与财政政策有关的主要争议性问题。特别是，我们分析了酌处性反周期政策的作用和不同作用，例如减税或增加政府支出。在这个问题上存在分歧的原因是，要分离出这些政策对GDP的外在影响是极其困难的。我们回顾了经济学家试图处理这一估计问题的几种方法。最后，我们讨论了为什么基于支出的调整比基于税收的调整更可取，且成本降低的可能性更低；为什么大规模的财政整顿加上适当的政策可以比我们认为的成本低得多。

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