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Seasonal differences in aerosol abundance and radiative forcing in months of contrasting emissions and rainfall over northern South Asia

机译：南亚北部地区排放量和降雨量形成对比的几个月中，气溶胶丰度和辐射强迫的季节性差异

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摘要

A modeling framework was used to examine gaps in understanding of seasonal and spatial heterogeneity in aerosol abundance and radiative forcing over northern South Asia, whose glimpses are revealed in observational studies. Regionally representative emissions were used in chemical transport model simulations at a spatial resolution of 60 x 60 km(2), in April, July and September, chosen as months of contrasting emissions and rainfall. Modeled aerosol abundance in northern South Asia was predominantly found to be dust and carbonaceous in April, dust and sulfate in July and sulfate and carbonaceous in September. Anthropogenic aerosols arose from energy-use emissions (from industrial sources, residential biofuel cooking, brick kilns) in all months, additionally from field burning in April, and incursion from East Asia in September. In April, carbonaceous aerosols were abundant from open burning of agricultural fields even at high altitude locations (Godavari), and of forests in the eastern Gangetic Plain (Kolkata). Direct radiative forcing and heating rate, calculated from OPAC-SBDART, using modeled aerosol fields, and corrected by MODIS AOD observations, showed regionally uniform atmospheric forcing in April, compared to that in other months, influenced by both dust and black carbon abundance. A strong spatial heterogeneity of radiative forcing and heating rate was found, with factor of 2.5-3.5 lower atmospheric forcing over the Tibet plateau than that over the Ganga Plain and Northwest in July and September. However, even over the remote Tibet plateau, there was significant anthropogenic contribution to atmospheric forcing and heating rate (45% in Apr, 75% in Sep). Wind fields showed black carbon transport from south Asia in April and east Asia in September. Further evaluation of the transport of dust and anthropogenic emissions from various source regions and their deposition in the Himalaya and Tibet, is important in understanding regional air quality and climate change over this ecosystem. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：使用建模框架来检验在了解南亚北部气溶胶丰度和辐射强迫的季节性和空间异质性方面的差距，其观测结果揭示了这些不足。在4月，7月和9月，以60 x 60 km（2）的空间分辨率在化学运输模型模拟中使用了具有地区代表性的排放量，作为排放量和降雨量对比的月份。在南亚北部，典型的气溶胶丰度模型主要在4月发现为粉尘和碳质，7月为粉尘和碳酸盐，9月为硫酸盐和碳质。在所有月份中，人为的气溶胶是由能源使用排放（工业来源，民用生物燃料烹饪，砖窑）引起的，另外还有4月的田间焚烧和9月的东亚入侵引起的。 4月，即使在高海拔地区（戈达瓦里）和恒河东部平原（加尔各答）的森林，也都通过露天燃烧而富含碳质气溶胶。由OPAC-SBDART使用模拟气溶胶场计算并通过MODIS AOD观测值校正的直接辐射强迫和升温速率显示，与其他月份相比，受尘埃和黑碳丰度的影响，4月的区域强迫是均匀的。发现辐射强迫和升温速率具有很强的空间异质性，与7月和9月的恒河平原和西北部相比，西藏高原的大气强迫降低了2.5-3.5倍。然而，即使在偏远的西藏高原，人为因素对大气强迫和升温速率也有显着贡献（4月为45％，9月为75％）。风场显示四月份来自南亚和九月份从东亚开始的黑碳运输。进一步评估来自各个污染源地区的粉尘和人为排放物及其在喜马拉雅山和西藏的沉积，对于了解该生态系统的区域空气质量和气候变化非常重要。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2016年第janaptab期|512-523|共12页
  • 作者

    Sadavarte P.; Venkataraman C.; Cherian R.; Patil N.; Madhavan B. L.; Gupta T.; Kulkarni S.; Carmichael G. R.; Adhikary B.;

  • 作者单位

    Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India;

    Indian Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India|Indian Inst Technol, Interdisciplinary Programme Climate Studies, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India;

    Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany;

    Indian Inst Technol, Interdisciplinary Programme Climate Studies, Bombay 400076, Maharashtra, India;

    Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, Remote Sensing Atmospher Proc, Leipzig, Germany;

    Indian Inst Technol Kanpur, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India;

    Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA;

    Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA;

    Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Ganga plain; Tibet plateau; Aerosol emissions; Surface concentration; Radiative forcing; Atmospheric heating;

    机译：恒河平原;西藏高原;气溶胶排放;表面浓度;辐射强迫;大气加热;

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