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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Particles exposure while sitting at bus stops of hot and humid Singapore
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Particles exposure while sitting at bus stops of hot and humid Singapore

机译：坐在炎热潮湿的新加坡公交车站时的颗粒物暴露

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Transport microenvironments represent hotspots of personal exposure to airborne toxics, particularly of ultrafine particles. Thus, a large exposure may be experienced during daily commuting trips. Amongst these microenvironments, bus stops are critical because of the commuters' close proximity to fresh fumes rich in particles emitted by passing, idling and accelerating buses and motor vehicles, in general. Standing at a bus stop may represent a period of disproportionately high exposure and it is, therefore, essential to know the number, chemical composition and physical characteristics of such particles for a proper public health assessment and design of mobility strategies. On this account, a set of portable and battery operated sensors were used to evaluate a number of properties of the traffic particles to which thousands of citizens are daily exposed at bus stops of Singapore. In terms of fine particles, the exposure concentration was on average 1.5-3 times higher than the mean concentration at ambient level reported by the local authorities. On average 60% of those particles corresponded to black carbon. An important presence of particle-bound polycyclic aromatics was observed. The particle number concentration and active surface area were effective metrics to quantify ultrafine particles, as expected both showed strong correlations. The number of particles at bus stops was on average 3.5 times higher than at ambient level. The most alarming issue was probably the size of the particles. Assuming spherical particles, a median of 27 nm was estimated based on the active surface area and particle number data. Particles of this size form the nucleation mode, which is related to harmful health effects. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：运输微环境是个人暴露于空气中的有毒物质的热点，特别是超细颗粒。因此，在日常通勤旅行中可能会经历大量暴露。在这些微环境中，公共汽车站是至关重要的，因为通勤者非常靠近富含烟雾的新鲜烟雾，这些烟雾通常是通过，空转和加速公共汽车和机动车辆而排放的。站在公共汽车站可能代表一段不成比例的高暴露期，因此，对于适当的公共卫生评估和设计出行策略，必须知道此类颗粒的数量，化学成分和物理特性。因此，一组便携式和电池供电的传感器用于评估交通微粒的许多特性，在新加坡的公交车站每天都有成千上万的市民接触这些微粒。就微粒而言，暴露浓度平均比地方当局报告的环境水平下的平均浓度高1.5-3倍。这些颗粒中平均有60％对应于黑碳。观察到存在重要的颗粒结合的多环芳族化合物。颗粒数浓度和活性表面积是量化超细颗粒的有效指标，正如预期的两者都显示出很强的相关性。公交车站的颗粒数量平均比环境水平高3.5倍。最令人担忧的问题可能是颗粒的大小。假设为球形颗粒，则根据活性表面积和颗粒数数据估计中值为27 nm。这种大小的颗粒形成成核模式，这与有害的健康影响有关。 （C）2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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