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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >One-year of NMHCs hourly observations in Sao Paulo megacity: meteorological and traffic emissions effects in a large ethanol burning context
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One-year of NMHCs hourly observations in Sao Paulo megacity: meteorological and traffic emissions effects in a large ethanol burning context

机译:在圣保罗大城市进行的一年NMHC每小时观测:在大量乙醇燃烧情况下的气象和交通排放影响

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Sao Paulo Megacity (MASP), with more than 20 million inhabitants, is among the world's most populous cities. Brazil is the only area in the world where fuel with a high ethanol content has been used since 1975 and its usage have increased in the last decade with the development of flex-fuel vehicles. Here, the biofuel effect on VOCs burden and composition it is discussed by a crossed analysis of long-term ambient data and emission data over the last decades in MASP. The most abundant NMHCs in ppb, were propane (5.02 +/- 5.94), ethylene (3.97 +/- 4.55), ethane (2.28 +/- 1.89), acetylene (1.98 +/- 2.11), 2,2,4-trymethylpentane (2.05 +/- 1.48), i-propylbenzene (1.96 +/- 1.85), n-butane (1.97 +/- 2.24), toluene (1.62 +/- 2.02), i-pentane (1.30 +/- 1.61) and propylene (1.26 +/- 1.54). The comparison with studies performed in MASP over the last 15 years showed a decrease in the NMHC concentration levels, in spite of the growth of the vehicular fleet and fuel consumption. Nevertheless, NMHCs mean concentrations were higher in MASP compared to those in other megacities worldwide (Beijing, London, Los Angeles and Paris) by a factor of 1.1 to 10, although showing similar composition. This suggests that NMHC distribution is dominated by traffic emissions regardless of regional characteristics like fuel usage and composition. Diurnal profiles of NMHC in MASP confirm these findings by all showing the same patterns as CO and acetylene, both recognized as combustion emission tracers. Finally large-scale ethanol usage would not affect the distribution of NMHCs in MASP and gasoline vehicular emissions seem to be the most important source of hydrocarbons in urban areas. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:圣保罗大城市(MASP)拥有超过2000万人口,是世界上人口最多的城市之一。自1975年以来,巴西是世界上唯一使用高乙醇含量燃料的地区,并且随着弹性燃料汽车的发展,近十年来其使用量有所增加。在这里,通过对过去几十年来在MASP中的长期环境数据和排放数据进行交叉分析,讨论了生物燃料对VOC负担和组成的影响。 ppb中最丰富的NMHC是丙烷(5.02 +/- 5.94),乙烯(3.97 +/- 4.55),乙烷(2.28 +/- 1.89),乙炔(1.98 +/- 2.11),2,2,4-三甲基戊烷(2.05 +/- 1.48),异丙基苯(1.96 +/- 1.85),正丁烷(1.97 +/- 2.24),甲苯(1.62 +/- 2.02),异戊烷(1.30 +/- 1.61)和丙烯(1.26 +/- 1.54)。与过去15年中在MASP中进行的研究相比较,尽管车队增加和燃料消耗增加,但NMHC浓度水平却降低了。尽管如此,尽管其组成相似,但MASP中的NMHC的平均浓度仍比世界其他大城市(北京,伦敦,洛杉矶和巴黎)的NMHC高1.1到10倍。这表明,不管燃料使用和成分等区域特征如何,NMHC的分布都以交通排放为主导。 MASP的NMHC的昼夜分布图证实了所有这些发现,它们都显示出与CO和乙炔相同的模式,两者均被认为是燃烧排放示踪剂。最后,大规模使用乙醇不会影响NMHC在MASP中的分布,而汽油车排放似乎是城市地区碳氢化合物的最重要来源。 (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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