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An elevation-based regional model for interpolating sulphur and nitrogen deposition

机译：基于高程的插值硫和氮沉积的区域模型

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摘要

We developed and tested a regression model, interpolating long-term sequences of observed atmospheric deposition of SO_4~(2-) , NO_3~-, and NH_4~+ in the upper Vltava river catchment (Czech Republic) to its three sub-regions, differing in elevation and forest cover. The model provides more realistic estimates of wet and total S and N depositions and their inter-annual variability in the study catchment than the available European deposition sequences, especially in the case of wet S deposition prior to 1997. In the model, ion fluxes are calculated as the product of the precipitation volume and ion concentrations, which both are derived as empirical functions of elevation and time. The long-term sequences of ion concentrations are based on measured deposition data at 19 stations and their relationships with central European emission trends of SO_2, NO_x, and NH_3 for years with no measurements. Exponential relationships between elevation and precipitation volume (positive) and elevation and ion concentrations (negative) are used to convert the long-term sequences of precipitation and concentrations into values for individual elevations. Throughfall fluxes (TF) of S and N in the forest areas are calculated from their fluxes in precipitation (PF), using long-term sequences of TF:PF ratios, based on measured fluxes and the S and N emission trends. The calculated fluxes of S and reactive nitrogen (NO3-N and NH4-N) explain 80% and 56% of the variability in their measured fluxes, respectively, along an elevation gradient from 275 to 1334 m.
机译：我们开发并测试了回归模型，将观测到的伏尔塔瓦河上游流域（捷克共和国）SO_4〜（2-），NO_3〜-和NH_4〜+的大气沉积的长期序列内插到其三个子区域，海拔和森林覆盖率不同。与可用的欧洲沉积序列相比，该模型提供了研究集水区中湿和总S和N沉积及其年际变化的更现实的估计，尤其是在1997年之前的湿S沉积的情况下。在模型中，离子通量是计算为沉淀量和离子浓度的乘积，这两者都是海拔和时间的经验函数。离子浓度的长期序列基于在19个站点上测得的沉积数据以及它们与中欧SO_2，NO_x和NH_3排放趋势的关系，这些年来没有进行测量。海拔与降水量（正）之间的指数关系以及海拔与离子浓度（负）之间的关系用于将降水和浓度的长期序列转换为各个海拔的值。根据测得的通量和S和N的排放趋势，使用TF：PF比的长期序列，根据其降水量（PF）的通量计算出森林中S和N的通量通量（TF）。 S和活性氮（NO3-N和NH4-N）的计算通量分别解释了沿275至1334 m的高程梯度测得的通量的80％和56％的变化。

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  • 来源
    《Atmospheric environment》 |2012年第4期|p.287-296|共10页
  • 作者

    Jifi Kopacek; Maximilian Posch; Josef Hejzlar; Filip Oulehle; Alena Volkova;

  • 作者单位

    Biology Centre AS CR, Institute of Hydrobiology, and University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Na Sadkach 7, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;

    Coordination Centre for Effects, RIVM, P.O. Box 1, NL-3720 BA Bitthoven, The Netherlands;

    Biology Centre AS CR, Institute of Hydrobiology, and University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Na Sadkach 7, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;

    Czech Geological Survey, Klarov 3, Praha 118 21, Czech Republic;

    Biology Centre AS CR, Institute of Hydrobiology, and University of South Bohemia, Faculty of Science, Na Sadkach 7, 37005 Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    atmospheric deposition; sulphur; nitrogen; vltava river;

    机译：大气沉积;硫;氮;伏尔塔瓦河河;

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