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首页> 外文期刊>Atmospheric environment >Estimation of surface O_3 from lower-troposphere partial-column information: Vertical correlations and covariances in ozonesonde profiles
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Estimation of surface O_3 from lower-troposphere partial-column information: Vertical correlations and covariances in ozonesonde profiles

机译：利用对流层下部分柱信息估算表面O_3：臭氧探空仪剖面的垂直相关性和协方差

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Analysis of the spatial correlation of ozone mixing ratio in the vertical provides information useful for several purposes: (a) it aids description of the degree of regionality of the ozone transport-transformation processes, (b) the information provided in the form of a priori covariance matrices for remote retrieval algorithms can simplify and sharpen accuracy of the resulting estimates, and most importantly, (c) it allows a first evaluation of the improvement that remote retrievals can give over boundary-layer climatology. Vertical profiles of mean, variance, and vertical autocovariance, and vertical autocorrelation of ozone mixing ratios were estimated and given parameterizations. The WOUDC ozonesonde network database was used. During the years 2004-2006, these were considerably augmented by sondes taken by NASA, NOAA, and Canadian agencies during recent summertime intensive periods in North America. There are large differences across the North American continent in the patterns and magnitudes of correlation, especially in the lowest 2-3 km of the troposphere. This is especially significant for the near-surface layers (100's of meters deep) which determine actual surface O_3 smog exposure and phytotoxicity, since satellite retrievals typically characterize at best a thick layer extending 3 km or more from the surface. The relative variation of O_3 decreases in the vertical, particularly for the somewhat polluted launch stations, and this affects inference of surface O_3 significantly. We outline a simple synthesis of mixed-layer and ozone-chemistry behavior to aid discussion of this and similar phenomena. Regional differences suggest broad if qualitative explanations in terms of larger-scale (interstate-transport) and local-scale phenomena (lake and sea breezes, degree/frequency of subsidence), inviting future study. The character of near-surface-to-full-layer covariance suggests that remote retrieval can describe surface ozone surprisingly well using 0-3 km partial-column ozone... for many situations. This indicates that there is substantial utility for new remote-retrieval methods that exploit ozone absorption in multiple wavelength regions, e.g., UV + Vis, UV + IR, or UV + Vis + IR. In summary, we find considerable value in interpreting retrievable O_3 columns to estimate O_3 quantities that are closely relevant to air pollution mitigation.
机译：对垂直方向上臭氧混合比的空间相关性的分析提供了可用于以下目的的信息：（a）有助于描述臭氧传输转化过程的区域性程度，（b）以先验形式提供的信息远程检索算法的协方差矩阵可以简化和提高所得估计值的准确性，最重要的是，（c）它可以对远程检索可以提供边界层气候的改进进行首次评估。均值，方差和垂直自协方差的垂直分布图以及臭氧混合比的垂直自相关性得到估算，并进行了参数设置。使用了WOUDC臭氧探空仪网络数据库。在2004年至2006年期间，NASA，NOAA和加拿大机构在北美最近夏季密集期拍摄的探空仪大大增加了探测量。整个北美大陆在相关模式和强度上存在很大差异，尤其是在对流层最低的2-3公里处。这对于确定实际表面O_3烟雾暴露和植物毒性的近地表层（深100厘米）尤为重要，因为卫星检索通常最多可以描述一个从地表延伸3 km或更长的厚层。 O_3的相对变化在垂直方向上减小，尤其是对于稍微受污染的发射站而言，这会显着影响表面O_3的推断。我们概述了混合层和臭氧化学行为的简单综合，以帮助对此现象和类似现象进行讨论。区域差异表明，就大规模（州际运输）和局部现象（湖风和海风，下陷程度/频率）而言，是否有定性的解释比较广泛，因此有待进一步研究。近地表至全层协方差的特征表明，在许多情况下，使用0-3 km的部分柱臭氧，远程检索可以很好地描述地表臭氧。这表明对于利用远程吸收方法在多个波长区域（例如，UV + Vis，UV + IR或UV + Vis + IR）中吸收臭氧的新方法具有很大的实用性。总而言之，我们在解释可检索的O_3列以估计与减轻空气污染密切相关的O_3量时发现了相当大的价值。

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