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Estimation Of Wind Blown Dust Emissions In Europe And Its Vicinity

机译：欧洲及其附近地区的风尘排放估算

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The assessment of the wind blown dust emission for Europe and selected regions of North Africa and Southwest Asia was carried out using a mesoscale model. The mesoscale model was parameterized based on the current literature review. The model provides data on PM_(10) emission from several dust reservoirs (anthropogenic, agriculture, semi- and natural) with spatial resolution of 10× 10 km and temporal resolution of 1 h. The spatial variability of PM_(10) emission depends on soil texture, land cover/land use as well as meteorological conditions. Lands covered with water or permanently wet were excluded from the model. The land covered with vegetation is treated as dust reservoir whose dust emission capacity depends on the type of vegetation and cover. The dust reservoirs are divided into reservoirs with stable and unstable surface. The changes of emission in time depend on meteorological parameters. The wind blown dust emission should be treated as a non-continuous spatio-temporal process. The emissions are estimated with high uncertainty. The estimated PM_(10) yearly total load emitted by wind from the European territory is highly differentiated in space and time and is equal to 0.74 Tg. The total load of PM_(10) emitted by wind from North African and Southwest Asian land surface located in the vicinity of European boundaries is assessed as nearly 50% (0.43 Tg) of the total load estimated for the whole Europe. The average yearly PM_(10) emission factor for Europe was estimated at 0.139 Mgkm~(-2). The PM_(10) emission from agricultural areas is estimated at 52% of the total wind blown emission from the domain of the European Union project "Improving and applying methods for the calculation of natural and biogenic emissions and assessment of impacts to the air quality" - NatAir. PM_(10) emission factor for natural areas of Europe is estimated at 0.021 Mg km~(-2). Appropriate factors for agricultural areas and anthropogenic areas are 0.157 Mg km~(-2) and 0.118 Mg km~(-2), respectively. The latter two factors are probably underestimated due to omitting in the model of other dust emission mechanisms than aeolian erosion.
机译：使用中尺度模型对欧洲以及北非和西南亚某些地区的风尘排放进行了评估。中尺度模型参数化基于当前文献综述。该模型提供了数个尘埃库（人为，农业，半天然和天然）的PM_（10）排放数据，空间分辨率为10×10 km，时间分辨率为1 h。 PM_（10）排放的空间变异性取决于土壤质地，土地覆盖/土地利用以及气象条件。该模型不包括被水覆盖或永久湿润的土地。植被覆盖的土地被视为集尘库，其扬尘能力取决于植被和植被的类型。粉尘池分为表面稳定和不稳定的池。发射时间的变化取决于气象参数。风吹尘埃的排放应视为非连续的时空过程。估算的排放具有很高的不确定性。来自欧洲领土的风每年估计的PM_（10）年度总负荷在时间和空间上存在很大差异，等于0.74 Tg。来自欧洲边界附近的北非和西南亚陆地表面的风所排放的PM_（10）的总负荷被评估为整个欧洲估算总负荷的近50％（0.43 Tg）。欧洲的年平均PM_（10）排放因子估计为0.139 Mgkm〜（-2）。来自农业地区的PM_（10）排放量估计占欧盟项目“改进和应用计算自然和生物排放量以及评估对空气质量的影响的方法”领域的总风吹排放量的52％。 -NatAir欧洲自然地区的PM_（10）排放因子估计为0.021 Mg km〜（-2）。农业区和人为区的适宜因子分别为0.157 Mg km〜（-2）和0.118 Mg km〜（-2）。由于省略了除风蚀之外的其他粉尘排放机制模型，因此后两个因素可能被低估了。

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