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Weekly cycles in fine particulate nitrate

机译：每周一次的细颗粒硝酸盐循环

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摘要

Atmospheric responses to changes in emissions are a complex but central issue in control strategy design for pollutants such as ozone and particulate matter. Here, we investigate fine particle nitrate response to weekly cycles in emissions, which includes a large decrease in diesel NO_x emissions among other changes. Nitrate concentrations were measured at 10-min time resolution for a year or longer at four US urban sites: Fresno and Claremont in California, St. Louis, and Pittsburgh. Weekly minima in nitrate concentrations were observed at Fresno, Claremont, and St. Louis, with mean reductions of 21-29% below weekly average values on Sundays or Mondays. The day of week with lowest nitrate varied with site and season. No significant day-of-week variations in nitrate were observed at Pittsburgh. Analysis of ammonium and sulfate measurements at Pittsburgh indicates that weekend sulfate reductions observed at this site during spring/ summer months do not increase ammonia availability, but rather lead to more complete neutralization of S(VI). Fine particle nitrate measurements at Claremont were resolved into three size ranges (0.07-0.45, 0.45-1.0, and 1.0-2.5 μm); similar weekly reductions were seen for each size range.
机译：大气对排放物变化的反应是臭氧和颗粒物等污染物的控制策略设计中的一个复杂但中心问题。在这里，我们研究了细颗粒硝酸盐对每周排放周期的响应，其中包括柴油NO_x排放量的大量减少以及其他变化。在美国四个城市：加利福尼亚州的弗雷斯诺和克莱蒙特，圣路易斯和匹兹堡，以10分钟的时间分辨率测量了一年或更长时间的硝酸盐浓度。在弗雷斯诺（Fresno），克莱蒙特（Claremont）和圣路易斯（St. Louis）观察到每周硝酸盐浓度极低，在星期日或星期一，平均浓度比每周平均值低21-29％。硝酸盐含量最低的星期几随地点和季节而变化。在匹兹堡，没有观察到硝酸盐在一周中的显着变化。匹兹堡的铵盐和硫酸盐测量结果分析表明，在春季/夏季月份在该站点观察到的周末硫酸盐减少不会增加氨的利用率，而是导致S（VI）的更完全中和。克莱蒙特的硝酸盐细颗粒测量值分为三个尺寸范围（0.07-0.45、0.45-1.0和1.0-2.5μm）；每个尺寸范围的每周减少量都相似。

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