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The air pollution caused by the burning of fireworks during the lantern festival in Beijing

机译：北京元宵节燃放烟花爆竹造成的空气污染

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摘要

The effects of the burning of fireworks on air quality in Beijing was firstly assessed from the ambient concentrations of various air pollutants (SO_2, NO_2, PM_(2.5), PM_(10) and chemical components in the particles) during the lantern festival in 2006. Eighteen ions, 20 elements, and black carbon were measured in PM2.5 and PM_(10), and the levels of organic carbon could be well estimated from the concentrations of dicarboxylic acids. Primary components of Ba, K, Sr, Cl~-, Pb, Mg and secondary components of C_5H_6O_4~(2-), C_3H_2O_4~(2-), C_2O_4~(2-), C_4H_4O_4~(2-), SO_4~(2-), NO_3~- were over five times higher in the lantern days than in the normal days. The firework particles were acidic and of inorganic matter mostly with less amounts of secondary components. Primary aerosols from the burning of fireworks were mainly in the fine mode, while secondary formation of acidic anions mainly took place on the coarse particles. Nitrate was mainly formed through homogeneous gas-phase reactions of NO_2, while sulfate was largely from heterogeneous catalytic transformations of SO_2. Fe could catalyze the formation of nitrate through the reaction of α-Fe_2O_3 with HNO_3, while in the formation of sulfate, Fe is not only the catalyst, but also the oxidant. A simple method using the concentration of potassium and a modified method using the ratio of Mg/Al have been developed to quantify the source contribution of fireworks. It was found that over 90% of the total mineral aerosol and 98% of Pb, 43% of total carbon, 28% of Zn, 8% of NO_3~-, and 3% of SO_4~(2-) in PM_(2.5) were from the emissions of fireworks on the lantern night.
机译：首先从2006年元宵节期间各种大气污染物（SO_2，NO_2，PM_（2.5），PM_（10）和颗粒中的化学成分）的环境浓度评估了北京燃放烟花对空气质量的影响。在PM2.5和PM_（10）中测量了18个离子，20个元素和黑碳，可以从二羧酸的浓度很好地估算出有机碳的含量。 Ba，K，Sr，Cl〜-，Pb，Mg的主要成分以及C_5H_6O_4〜（2-），C_3H_2O_4〜（2-），C_2O_4〜（2-），C_4H_4O_4〜（2-），SO_4〜的次要成分灯笼日的（2-），NO_3〜-含量是正常日的五倍以上。烟火颗粒是酸性的，并且是无机物，大部分具有较少的次要成分。烟火燃烧产生的主要气溶胶主要处于精细模式，而酸性阴离子的二次形成主要发生在粗颗粒上。硝酸盐主要通过NO_2的均相气相反应形成，而硫酸盐主要来自SO_2的非均相催化转化。 Fe可以通过α-Fe_2O_3与HNO_3的反应来催化硝酸盐的形成，而在硫酸盐的形成中，Fe不仅是催化剂，而且是氧化剂。已经开发出一种使用钾浓度的简单方法和一种使用Mg / Al比例的改进方法来量化烟花爆竹的源头贡献。发现在PM_（2.5）中，超过90％的矿物气溶胶和98％的Pb，43％的碳，28％的Zn，8％的NO_3〜-和3％的SO_4〜（2-）。 ）来自灯笼之夜的烟火排放。

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