Proximate and ultimate causes of punishment and strong reciprocity

Pat Barclay

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Proximate and ultimate causes of punishment and strong reciprocity

机译：惩罚和强烈互惠的最直接和最终原因

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摘要

While admirable, Guala's discussion of reciprocity suffers from a confusion between proximate causes (psychological mechanisms triggering behaviour) and ultimate causes (evolved function of those psychological mechanisms). Because much work on "strong reciprocity" commits this error, I clarify the difference between proximate and ultimate causes of cooperation and punishment. I also caution against hasty rejections of "wide readings" of experimental evidence.

机译：固然令人称赞的是，瓜拉对互惠的讨论遭受了近因（触发行为的心理机制）和终极原因（这些心理机制的功能演变）之间的混淆。因为有关“强互惠”的大量工作都犯了这个错误，所以我澄清了合作和惩罚的近因和最终原因之间的区别。我还警告不要仓促拒绝实验证据的“广泛阅读”。

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《Behavioral and Brain Sciences》 |2012年第1期|p.16-17|共2页
作者
Pat Barclay;
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Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, East Guelph, Ontario, N1G2W1, Canada;

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机译：互惠互利是真实的，但没有证据表明不协调的代价高昂的惩罚会在野外维持合作
3. Reciprocity: Weak or strong? What punishment experiments do (and do not) demonstrate [J] . Francesco Guala Behavioral and Brain Sciences . 2012,第1期

机译：互惠：弱还是强？惩罚实验能（不能）证明什么
4. The Cost of Altruistic Punishment in Indirect Reciprocity-based Cooperation in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks [C] . Seredynski Marcin, Bouvry Pascal 8th IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Embedded and Ubiquitous Computing . 2010

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6. Ultimate and proximate explanations of strong reciprocity [O] . Jack Vromen -1

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7. Ultimate and proximate explanations of strong reciprocity [O] . Vromen, Jack 2017

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Proximate and ultimate causes of punishment and strong reciprocity

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