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首页> 外文期刊>Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology >Female adaptation to developmental plasticity in male calling behavior
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Female adaptation to developmental plasticity in male calling behavior

机译：女性适应男性呼唤行为的发育可塑性

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The katydid Neoconocephalus triops exhibits in North America substantial developmental plasticity of male mating calls. The AM rate of the summer calls is significantly faster than that of the winter calls at the same temperature. In the tropics, where N. triops originated, males express only the fast summer-call phenotype. We tested two alternative hypotheses: (1) call plasticity in the population from North America evolved in response to selection by female preference after N. triops colonized North America, or (2) call plasticity evolved before N. triops expanded into North America and its expression in the novel environment led to adaptive change of female preferences. First, we tested whether call plasticity was present in tropical populations of N. triops. Tropical males expressed the winter-call phenotype when reared under winter conditions, indicating that call plasticity did not evolve in response to temperate climates. Second, we compared female preferences among temperate and tropical populations. We found that the temperature dependence of preferred AM rate was significantly steeper in temperate N. triops than in a tropical population of N. triops. Third, we compared temperature dependence of female preference of the N. triops populations to three Neoconocephalus species without call plasticity. Only temperate N. triops had significantly steeper temperature dependence than the other species. This steeper temperature dependence matched female preference to the fast summer call at high temperatures and to the slow winter call at low temperatures in temperate populations. These results support the hypothesis that female preference changed in N. triops in North America to compensate for the plasticity of male calls.
机译：ty的新ty头三足动物在北美表现出雄性交配电话的大量发育可塑性。在相同温度下，夏季电话的AM速率明显高于冬季电话的AM速率。在起源三叶草的热带地区，雄性仅表现出快速的夏季召唤表型。我们测试了两个替代假设：（1）在北美猪笼草入侵北美后，北美种群的可塑性是根据女性偏好的选择而进化的；或者（2）在北美猪笼草扩展到北美及其种群之前，其可塑性就在进化在新环境中的表达导致女性偏好的适应性改变。首先，我们测试了N. triops的热带种群中是否存在通话可塑性。在冬季条件下饲养时，热带雄性动物表现出冬季呼唤表型，表明呼风可塑性并未响应温带气候而演变。其次，我们比较了温带和热带人群中女性的偏好。我们发现，温带猪笼草的首选AM速率对温度的依赖性比热带猪笼草的陡峭。第三，我们比较了N. triops种群的女性偏好对三种新隐头目物种的温度依赖性，而没有调用可塑性。只有温带猪笼草对温度的依赖性比其他物种要强得多。这种对温度的更陡峭的依赖使女性更喜欢在温带人群中在高温下夏季较快，而在低温下冬季较慢。这些结果支持这样的假说，即北美洲猪笼草中女性的喜好发生了变化，以补偿男性电话的可塑性。

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