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Sperm competition affects sex allocation but not sperm morphology in a flatworm

机译：精子竞争影响扁虫中的性别分配，但不影响精子形态

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Sperm competition has been shown to be an important evolutionary agent affecting the behaviour, physiology, and morphology of both males and females. One morphological trait that is particularly likely to be affected by sperm competition is sperm size because it is thought to influence the competitiveness of sperm by determining sperm longevity, motility, and/or their ability to displace competing sperm. Most comparative studies across taxa have found a positive relationship between the level of sperm competition and sperm length, but very few studies have tested for a phenotypically plastic adjustment of sperm morphology in response to sperm competition. In this study, we experimentally tested for an effect of sperm competition on phenotypic plasticity in sperm morphology in an obligately outcrossing simultaneous hermaphrodite, the free-living flatworm Macrostomum lignano, by either raising worms in monogamous pairs (no sperm competition) or in promiscuous groups (intense sperm competition). Worms in groups produced larger testes and smaller ovaries as predicted by sex allocation theory and as previously documented in this species. However, we found no evidence for an effect of group size on sperm morphology, measured as total sperm length, sperm body length, and the length of two different sperm appendages. We conclude that M. lignano may either be incapable of adjusting the sperm morphology in a phenotypically plastic way and/or that there might be no benefit of phenotypic plasticity in sperm traits in this species.
机译：精子竞争已被证明是影响男性和女性行为，生理和形态的重要进化因子。尤其受精子竞争影响的一种形态特征是精子大小，因为据认为，精子大小可以通过确定精子的寿命，运动力和/或它们取代竞争性精子的能力来影响精子的竞争力。大多数关于分类单元的比较研究都发现精子竞争水平和精子长度之间存在正相关关系，但是很少有研究针对精子竞争对精子形态进行表型可塑性调节。在这项研究中，我们通过在单性配偶对（无精子竞争）或杂种组中饲养蠕虫，实验性地检验了精子竞争对同时异性两性人，自由生活扁虫Macrostomum lignano的精子形态表型可塑性的影响。 （激烈的精子竞争）。根据性别分配理论的预测以及该物种先前的记录，成群的蠕虫会产生较大的睾丸和较小的卵巢。但是，我们没有发现以总精子长度，精子体长和两个不同精子附件的长度来衡量的群体大小对精子形态的影响的证据。我们得出的结论是，木质部分枝杆菌可能无法以表型可塑性的方式调节精子的形态，和/或该物种的精子性状可能没有表型可塑性的好处。

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