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Interaction of Human β-Defensin 2 (HBD2) with Glycosaminoglycans

机译：人β-防御素2（HBD2）与糖胺聚糖的相互作用

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Human β-defensin 2 (HBD2) is a member of the defensin family of antimicrobial peptides thatnplays important roles in the innate and adaptive immune system of both vertebrates and invertebrates. Innaddition to their direct bactericidal action, defensins are also involved in chemotaxis and Toll-like receptornactivation. In analogy to chemokine/glycosaminoglycan (GAG) interactions, GAG-defensin complexes arenlikely to play an important role in chemotaxis and in presenting defensins to their receptors. Using a gelnmobility shift assay, we found thatHBD2 bound to a range ofGAGs including heparin/heparan sulfate (HS),ndermatan sulfate (DS), and chondroitin sulfate.We usedNMRspectroscopy ofn15nN-labeledHBD2 tomap thenbinding sites for twoGAGmodel compounds, a heparin/HS pentasaccharide (fondaparinux sodium; FX) andnenzymatically preparedDS hexasaccharide (DSdp6).We identified a number of basic amino acids that formancommon ligand binding site, which indicated that these interactions are predominantly electrostatic. Thendissociation constant of the [DSdp6-HBD2] complex was determined byNMR spectroscopy to be 5( 5 μM.nBinding of FX could not be quantified because of slow exchange on the NMR chemical shift time scale. FXnwas found to induceHBD2 dimerization as evidenced by the analysis of diffusion coefficients,n15nNrelaxation,nand nESI-MSmeasurements. The formation of FX-bridgedHBD2 dimers exhibited features of a cooperativenbinding mechanism. In contrast, the complex with DSdp6 was found to be mostly monomeric.
机译：人β-防御素2（HBD2）是抗菌素防御素家族的成员，在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物的先天和适应性免疫系统中均发挥重要作用。除其直接的杀菌作用外，防御素还参与趋化性和Toll样受体激活。与趋化因子/糖胺聚糖（GAG）相互作用类似，GAG-防御素复合物可能在趋化性和向其受体呈递防御素中起重要作用。通过凝胶迁移法检测，我们发现HBD2与一系列GAG结合，包括肝素/硫酸乙酰肝素（HS），硫酸皮肤素（DS）和硫酸软骨素。我们使用n15nN标记的HBD2的NMR谱图来映射两个GAG模型化合物（肝素/ HS五糖）的结合位点（fondaparinux钠； FX）和酶法制备的DS六糖（DSdp6）。我们鉴定了许多常见的配体结合位点碱性氨基酸，表明这些相互作用主要是静电的。然后用核磁共振波谱法测定[DSdp6-HBD2]复合物的解离常数为5（5μM）。由于在核磁共振化学位移时间尺度上交换较慢，无法定量FX的结合，分析发现FXn可诱导HBD2二聚。扩散系数，n15n弛豫，n和nESI-MS测量结果； FX桥联的HBD2二聚体的形成具有协同结合机理的特征；相反，发现与DSdp6形成的络合物主要是单体。

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