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Advanced Biofuels from Thermochemical Processing of Sustainable Biomass in Europe

机译：来自欧洲可持续生物质热化学加工的先进生物燃料

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摘要

Biofuels can play an important role in decreasing the use of fossil fuels, in particular in the transport sector, which absorbs about 30 % of the EU energy requirements. This review illustrates the motivations behind biofuel development, the government incentives and regulations and the current approaches on sustainable biomass conversion in Europe, and provides an overview on the major steps involved in thermochemical processes and on the issues challenging their deployment at large scale, with particular emphasis on the pyrolysis of biomass and bio-oil upgrading using conventional oil refinery settings. Distribution of sustainable biofuels in Europe and future prospects towards achieving success of transport biofuels were also addressed. The literature suggests that importing biofuels and increasing the cost of CO2 to at least €60/t CO2 will be necessary to meet the renewable obligation targets in the EU. Algae represent the future feedstock for biofuels but currently are limited by their high production costs and high N content. Pyrolysis is cost competitive compared to other technologies such as fermentation and gasification, but the quality of bio-oils requires upgrading mainly to lower their oxygen content and enhance their thermal stability. The recent advances in bio-oil upgrading using catalytic cracking and hydro-treating are very promising for the future deployment of advanced biofuels in the coming decades. However, significant investments in applied research and demonstration are still required to meet the 2020/2030 biofuel targets.
机译：生物燃料在减少化石燃料的使用方面可以发挥重要作用，特别是在运输部门，该部门吸收了欧盟30％的能源需求。这篇综述阐述了生物燃料发展背后的动机，政府的激励措施和法规以及欧洲可持续生物质转化的当前方法，并概述了热化学过程中涉及的主要步骤以及挑战大规模应用其的问题，特别是强调使用常规炼油厂设置的生物质热解和生物油提质。会议还讨论了欧洲可持续生物燃料的分布以及成功实现运输生物燃料的未来前景。文献表明，为实现欧盟的可再生能源义务目标，必须进口生物燃料并将二氧化碳的成本提高到至少60欧元/吨。藻类代表了未来生物燃料的原料，但目前受到其高生产成本和高氮含量的限制。与其他技术（例如发酵和气化）相比，热解在成本上具有竞争力，但是生物油的质量需要升级，主要是为了降低其氧含量并提高其热稳定性。使用催化裂化和加氢处理的生物油提质技术的最新进展对于未来几十年中先进生物燃料的未来部署是非常有希望的。但是，仍需要在应用研究和示范方面进行大量投资才能实现2020/2030生物燃料目标。

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  • 来源
    《Bioenergy research》 |2014年第1期|36-47|共12页
  • 作者

    Aimaro Sanna;

  • 作者单位

    1.Centre for Innovation in Carbon Capture and Storage (CICCS) School of Engineering and Physical Sciences Heriot-Watt University Edinburgh EH14-4AS UK;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    Biomass Pyrolysis Bio-oil Biofuels;

    机译：生物质热解生物油生物燃料;

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