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首页> 外文期刊>BioEssays >Of circles, forks and humanity: Topological organisation and replication of mammalian mitochondrial DNA
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Of circles, forks and humanity: Topological organisation and replication of mammalian mitochondrial DNA

机译：圈子，叉子和人类：哺乳动物线粒体DNA的拓扑组织和复制

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The organisation of mammalian mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more complex than usually assumed. Despite often being depicted as a simple circle, the topology of mtDNA can vary from supercoiled monomeric circles over catenanes and oligomers to complex multimeric networks. Replication of mtDNA is also not clear cut. Two different mechanisms of replication have been found in cultured cells and in most tissues: a strand-asynchronous mode involving temporary RNA coverage of one strand, and a strand-coupled mode rather resembling conventional nuclear DNA replication. In addition, a recombination-initiated replication mechanism is likely to be associated with the multimeric mtDNA networks found in human heart. Although an insight into the general principles and key factors of mtDNA organisation and maintenance has been gained over the last few years, there are many open questions regarding replication initiation, termination and physiological factors determining mtDNA organisation and replication mode. However, common themes in mtDNA maintenance across eukaryotic kingdoms can provide valuable lessons for future work.
机译：哺乳动物线粒体DNA（mtDNA）的组织比通常设想的更为复杂。尽管经常被描绘成一个简单的圆圈，但mtDNA的拓扑结构可能会有所不同，从连接链和寡聚物上的超螺旋单体圆圈到复杂的多聚体网络。 mtDNA的复制也不清楚。在培养的细胞和大多数组织中发现了两种不同的复制机制：一种涉及链的临时RNA覆盖的链异步模式，另一种类似于常规核DNA复制的链耦合模式。此外，重组启动的复制机制可能与人心脏中发现的多聚mtDNA网络有关。尽管最近几年对mtDNA组织和维护的一般原理和关键因素有了深入的了解，但有关复制起始，终止和决定mtDNA组织和复制方式的生理因素仍有许多悬而未决的问题。但是，跨真核生物界线粒体DNA维护的共同主题可以为将来的工作提供宝贵的经验教训。

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