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首页> 外文期刊>Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering >Population heterogeneity in microbial bioprocesses: origin, analysis, mechanisms, and future perspectives
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Population heterogeneity in microbial bioprocesses: origin, analysis, mechanisms, and future perspectives

机译：微生物生物过程中的种群异质性：起源，分析，机制和未来观点

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摘要

Population heterogeneity is omnipresent in all bioprocesses even in homogenous environments. Its origin, however, is only so well understood that potential strategies like bet-hedging, noise in gene expression and division of labour that lead to population heterogeneity can be derived from experimental studies simulating the dynamics in industrial scale bioprocesses. This review aims at summarizing the current state of the different parts of single cell studies in bioprocesses. This includes setups to visualize different phenotypes of single cells, computational approaches connecting single cell physiology with environmental influence and special cultivation setups like scale-down reactors that have been proven to be useful to simulate large-scale conditions. A step in between investigation of populations and single cells is studying subpopulations with distinct properties that differ from the rest of the population with sub-omics methods which are also presented here. Moreover, the current knowledge about population heterogeneity in bioprocesses is summarized for relevant industrial production hosts and mixed cultures, as they provide the unique opportunity to distribute metabolic burden and optimize production processes in a way that is impossible in traditional monocultures. In the end, approaches to explain the underlying mechanism of population heterogeneity and the evidences found to support each hypothesis are presented. For instance, population heterogeneity serving as a bet-hedging strategy that is used as coordinated action against bioprocess-related stresses while at the same time spreading the risk between individual cells as it ensures the survival of least a part of the population in any environment the cells encounter.
机译：即使在同质环境中，种群异质性在所有生物过程中也无处不在。然而，它的起源只有得到很好的理解，才能从模拟工业规模生物过程动力学的实验研究中得出潜在的策略，例如对冲，基因表达中的噪音和导致群体异质性的劳动分工。这篇综述旨在总结生物过程中单细胞研究不同部分的当前状态。这包括可视化单细胞不同表型的设置，将单细胞生理学与环境影响联系起来的计算方法以及特殊的培养设置（如按比例缩小的反应堆），它们已被证明可用于模拟大规模条件。在研究种群和单细胞之间的一个步骤是，通过亚组学方法研究具有与其他种群不同的特性的亚种群，亚组学方法也在此处介绍。此外，针对相关的工业生产宿主和混合培养物，总结了有关生物过程中种群异质性的当前知识，因为它们提供了独特的机会来分布新陈代谢负担并以传统单一培养物中不可能的方式优化生产过程。最后，介绍了解释人口异质性的潜在机制的方法以及为每种假设提供支持的证据。例如，种群异质性作为一种套期保值策略，可用来对抗生物过程相关的压力，同时在各个细胞之间分散风险，因为它确保了至少一部分种群在任何环境中的生存。细胞相遇。

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