...
  • 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>BioScience >Constructing a Broader and More Inclusive Value System in Science
【24h】

Constructing a Broader and More Inclusive Value System in Science

机译：构建更广泛，更具包容性的科学价值体系

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

A scientific culture that welcomes a diversity of participants and addresses a broad range of questions is critical to the success of the scientific enterprise and essential for engaging the public in science. By favoring behaviors and practices that result in a narrow set of outcomes, our current scientific culture may lower the diversity of the scientific workforce, limit the range and relevance of scientific pursuits, and restrict the scope of interdisciplinary collaboration and public engagement. The scientific community will reach its full intellectual potential and secure public support through thorough, multitiered initiatives that aim to change individual and institutional behaviors, shift current reward structures to reflect a wider set of values, and explicitly consider societal benefits in the establishment of research agendas. We discuss some shortcomings and costs of the current value system and provide some guidelines for the development of initiatives that transcend such limitations.nnIn the past few decades, there has been a growing call for scientists to continue traditional productive research careers but to also actively engage in education, public outreach, and policy development. This shift has been motivated by the need to reach and rely on an increasingly large and diverse educated public, by the emergence of scientific issues of global concern (e.g., climate change, the incidence of pandemics), and by heightened demands on research funding sources. Many individual scientists and some institutions have eagerly embraced efforts to expand the breadth of scientific endeavors and to foster a demographically diverse scientific workforce. Scientific societies routinely offer workshops in education and public outreach, and a number of funding agencies have incorporated broader criteria in their proposal evaluation processes. However, time is a critically limiting factor, and when scientists are forced to prioritize their efforts, mainstream scientific culture still favors a narrow set of outcomes that do not necessarily reflect the changing nature of the practice of science. To a large extent, this scientific culture—that is, scientists' shared values, norms, attitudes, customs, goals, and practices—sets the ground rules for success and participation in science. As such, it shapes us as individuals, the institutions we create, and our science.nnThis culture is fundamentally a product of scientists' individual actions and of the institutional structures we have created, reflecting our individual and collective choices and values (Longino 1990). Culture is a continuously evolving entity that requires its members to reflect periodically on its values, choices, goals, and practices. There is clearly a need for such reflection in science today, as the limited focus of our current reward structure does not favor the adoption of the emerging values of education, diversity, and public engagement (Boyer 1990). At times, our community is international, collaborative, and open to new ideas; at others, it is exclusive, parochial, and discriminatory. Here we argue that the ability of scientists to achieve the changing goals of science will require a critical evaluation of our scientific culture as well as the adoption of a broader value system.nnIn this article we have two objectives: (1) to discuss and illustrate key ways in which individual, group, and institutional practices—i.e., culture—influence the diversity and participation of the scientific workforce and the relationship between science and society; and (2) to offer some practical recommendations to develop and institutionalize a value system that balances multiple goals and suits the realities of scientific practice today. Our goals are to stimulate broad, inclusive thinking and productive discussion, and ultimately to encourage individual and institutional actions that will serve science, now and in the future.
机译：一种欢迎众多参与者并解决广泛问题的科学文化，对于科学事业的成功至关重要，对于使公众参与科学活动至关重要。通过支持导致狭窄结果的行为和实践，我们当前的科学文化可能会降低科学工作人员的多样性，限制科学追求的范围和相关性，并限制跨学科合作和公众参与的范围。科学界将通过彻底，多层次的举措来发挥其全部智力潜能，并争取公众支持，这些举措旨在改变个人和机构的行为，改变当前的奖励结构以反映更广泛的价值观，并在制定研究议程时明确考虑社会利益。我们讨论了当前价值体系的一些缺点和成本，并为超越这些局限性的举措的开发提供了一些指南。nn在过去的几十年中，人们越来越呼吁科学家们继续传统的生产性研究事业，同时也要积极参与在教育，公众宣传和政策制定方面。这种转变的动机是由于需要接触并依赖越来越多的受过广泛教育的公众，出现了全球关注的科学问题（例如气候变化，流行病的发生），以及对研究经费来源的需求增加。许多个体科学家和一些机构热切地努力扩大科学工作的广度，并培养人口统计学上多样化的科学劳动力。科学协会通常在教育和公众宣传方面提供讲习班，许多资助机构已将更广泛的标准纳入其提案评估流程。但是，时间是一个至关重要的限制因素，当科学家被迫优先考虑其工作时，主流科学文化仍然倾向于狭a的结果，这些结果不一定反映科学实践的变化性质。在很大程度上，这种科学文化，即科学家的共同价值观，规范，态度，习俗，目标和实践，为成功和参与科学制定了基本规则。这样的文化就将我们塑造成个人，我们创建的机构和科学。nn这种文化从根本上说是科学家的个人行动和我们创建的制度结构的产物，反映了我们个人和集体的选择和价值观（Longino 1990）。 。文化是一个不断发展的实体，要求其成员定期反思其价值观，选择，目标和实践。如今，显然需要在科学中进行这样的反思，因为我们目前的奖励结构关注的重点有限，不赞成采用新兴的教育，多样性和公众参与的价值观（Boyer 1990）。有时，我们的社区是国际性的，合作的，并且对新想法持开放态度；在其他情况下，这是排他性的，狭och的和歧视性的。在这里，我们认为科学家实现科学不断变化的目标的能力将需要对我们的科学文化进行批判性评估，并需要采用更广泛的价值体系.nn本文中我们有两个目标：（1）讨论和说明个人，团体和机构实践（即文化）影响科学工作者的多样性和参与以及科学与社会之间的关系的关键方式； （2）提供一些实用的建议，以建立一种平衡多个目标并适合当今科学实践现实的价值体系并使之制度化。我们的目标是激发广泛的，包容性的思想和富有成果的讨论，最终鼓励鼓励现在和将来为科学服务的个人和机构行动。

著录项

  • 来源
    《BioScience》 |2007年第1期|p.71-78|共8页
  • 作者

    MARÍA URIARTE HOLLY A. EWING VALERIE T. EVINER KATHLEEN C. WEATHERS;

  • 作者单位

    María Uriarte (e-mail: mu2126@columbia.edu) works in the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027.Holly A. Ewing is with the Program in Environmental Studies, Bates College, Lewiston, ME 04240.Valerie T. Eviner and Kathleen C. Weathers are with the Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545;

    Eviner can be reached at the Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616.;

  • 收录信息
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号