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首页> 外文期刊>Brain and cognition >Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examining profiles across domains and ages
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Executive function deficits in autism spectrum disorders and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: Examining profiles across domains and ages

机译：自闭症谱系障碍和注意力缺陷/多动障碍的执行功能缺陷：跨领域和年龄的审查概况

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摘要

Deficits in 'executive function' (EF) are characteristic of several clinical disorders, most notably Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In this study, age- and IQ-matched groups with ASD, ADHD, or typical development (TD) were compared on a battery of EF tasks tapping three core domains: response selection/inhibition, flexibility, and planning/working memory. Relations between EF, age and everyday difficulties (rated by parents and teachers) were also examined. Both clinical groups showed significant EF impairments compared with TD peers. The ADHD group showed greater inhibitory problems on a Go-no-Go task, while the ASD group was significantly worse on response selection/monitoring in a cognitive estimates task. Age-related improvements were clearer in ASD and TD than in ADHD. At older (but not younger) ages, the ASD group outperformed the ADHD group, performing as well as the TD group on many EF measures. EF scores were related to specific aspects of communicative and social adaptation, and negatively correlated with hyperactivity in ASD and TD. Within the present groups, the overall findings suggested less severe and persistent EF deficits in ASD (including Asperger Syndrome) than in ADHD.
机译：“执行功能”（EF）的缺乏是几种临床疾病的特征，最明显的是自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）和注意力缺乏/多动症（ADHD）。在这项研究中，将年龄，智商匹配的具有ASD，ADHD或典型发展（TD）的人群与一系列EF任务进行了比较，这些任务来自三个核心领域：反应选择/抑制，灵活性和计划/工作记忆。还检查了EF，年龄和日常困难之间的关系（由父母和老师评定）。与TD同行相比，两个临床组均显示出明显的EF损伤。多动症组在“去不去”任务中表现出更大的抑制问题，而在“认知估计”任务中，ASD组在反应选择/监测方面明显较差。与AHD相比，ASD和TD与年龄有关的改善更为明显。在较大年龄段（但不是较年轻年龄段），ASD组的表现优于ADHD组，在许多EF措施方面的表现均与TD组相同。 EF分数与沟通和社会适应的特定方面有关，与ASD和TD的多动症呈负相关。在目前的人群中，总体研究结果表明，与SDHD相比，ASD（包括阿斯伯格综合症）中的EF持续严重不足。

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