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The effect of old age on supra-span learning of visuo-spatial sequences under incidental and intentional encoding instructions

机译：年龄对偶发和有意编码指令下视觉空间序列超跨度学习的影响

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摘要

Recent findings [Turcotte, Gagnon, & Poirier, 2005. The effect of old age on the learning of supra-span sequences. Psychology and Aging, 20, 251-260.] indicate that incidental learning of visuo-spatial supra-span sequences through immediate serial recall declines with old age (Hebb's paradigm). In this study, we examined whether strategies induced by awareness of the repeated sequence might explain age differences. Young (18-35 years old) and older (65-80 years old) participants underwent either incidental or intentional learning instructions. Results indicated that older adults demonstrated reduced learning of the repeated sequence under both incidental and intentional instructions. In comparison, young adults showed superior learning of the repeated sequence in both conditions but intentional instructions triggered faster and greater learning in this age group. The results strongly indicated that knowledge of the repeated sequence enhanced learning only in the group of young adults. Older adults were unable to translate the knowledge of the repetition into elaborate strategies that would increase recall of the repeated sequence. Other findings suggest that incidental learning in young adults was mediated by both non-conscious and conscious recollection processes.
机译：最近的发现[Turcotte，Gagnon和Poirier，2005年。老年对超跨度序列学习的影响。 [Psychology and Aging，20，251-260。]指出，随着年龄的增长，通过即时连续回忆对视觉空间超跨度序列的偶然学习会随着年龄的增长而下降（Hebb的范式）。在这项研究中，我们检查了由对重复序列的了解所引发的策略是否可以解释年龄差异。年轻的参与者（18-35岁）和年龄较大的人（65-80岁）接受了附带或有意的学习指导。结果表明，老年人在偶然和有意指导下都表现出对重复序列学习的减少。相比之下，年轻人在这两种情况下都表现出对重复序列的更好的学习，但是有意识的指导在该年龄组中触发了更快，更好的学习。结果强烈表明，对重复序列的了解仅在年轻人群体中增强了学习。老年人无法将重复的知识转化为精心设计的策略，从而增加了重复序列的记忆力。其他发现表明，年轻人的偶然学习是由无意识和有意识的回忆过程介导的。

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