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首页> 外文期刊>BSHM Bulletin: Journal of the British Society for the History of Mathematics >Mathematics goes ballistic: Benjamin Robins, Leonhard Euler, and the mathematical education of military engineers
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Mathematics goes ballistic: Benjamin Robins, Leonhard Euler, and the mathematical education of military engineers

机译：数学飞弹：本杰明·罗宾斯，莱昂哈德·欧拉和军事工程师的数学教育

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Efforts to understand the trajectory of cannonballs are an interesting example of the tensions between practical and theoretical knowledge. Although Galileo's 1638 parabolic trajectory was an important theoretical step forward, field gunnery practice was guided by Tartaglia's 1537 'mixed motion' model until the eighteenth century. In 1742, Benjamin Robins published New principles of gunnery, and revolutionized the study of ballistics by suggesting the projectile's initial velocity—not its range—was the appropriate parameter to consider in accounting for air resistance. In 1745, Leonard Euler produced a German translation of New principles, adding his own extensive commentary. Euler's annotated translation quickly became a standard text—Napolon Bonaparte studied ballistics from the French version—thereby influencing the education of artillery officers and, eventually, of all engineers. This paper surveys the contributions of Robins and Euler to mathematical ballistics theory, examines the influence of these developments on the education of eighteenth-century military engineers, and considers the extent to which the history of ballistics theory supports the thesis that the drive to reconcile practical knowledge with theoretical knowledge can be a critical element in shaping mathematical theory. We close with comments concerning the use of this history in today's classroom.
机译：理解炮弹轨迹的努力是实践知识与理论知识之间的紧张关系的一个有趣例子。尽管伽利略（Galileo）的1638抛物线轨迹是向前迈出的重要一步，但直到18世纪，塔塔格里亚（Tartaglia）的1537“混合运动”模型一直指导着野战射击实践。 1742年，本杰明·罗宾斯（Benjamin Robins）发表了新的炮兵原理，并建议弹丸的初始速度（而不是射程）是考虑空气阻力的适当参数，从而对弹道学进行了革命性的研究。 1745年，伦纳德·欧拉（Leonard Euler）撰写了新原理的德语译本，并添加了自己的详尽评论。欧拉（Euler）带注释的翻译很快成为标准文本-拿破仑·波拿巴（Napolon Bonaparte）学习法语的弹道学，从而影响了炮兵的教育，并最终影响了所有工程师。本文考察了罗宾斯和欧拉对数学弹道理论的贡献，考察了这些发展对18世纪军事工程师教育的影响，并考虑了弹道理论的历史在多大程度上支持了调和实际的观点。具有理论知识的知识可能是塑造数学理论的关键要素。在结束语中，我们将讨论有关在今天的课堂中使用这一历史的评论。

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