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Evaluation of the hygrothermal properties of thermal rendering systems

机译：热压系统的湿热特性评估

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The search for building envelopes with enhanced thermal properties is pursued to comply with European directives for lowering reference U-values. Thermal renders present low thermal conductivity, compared to traditional renders, and combine good thermal properties with easy application by mechanical spraying. The main goal of this work is to evaluate and compare the hygrothermal performance of three thermal render systems for different European climates. An extensive laboratory characterisation, measuring physical and hygrothermal material properties, was performed. It was verified that thermal conductivity linearly increases with water content, so thermal performance can be directly compromised if hygric behaviour is unfavourable. Porosity and microstructure were found to have a significant impact on other properties because the distribution of open and enclosed pores lead to different results. The high proportion of mesopores contributes to relevant moisture content during the lifetime of the building. The hygrothermal simulation demonstrated that the finishing coatings have a significant impact on the hygrothermal behaviour of the whole system. The application of thermally improved facades implies an increase in the temperature difference across different layers, especially in the thermal render, which could promote thermal stresses. As exterior insulation, the analysed systems showed that the simulated External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS) exhibits good performance in general. However, the condensation potential is higher for ETICS, in particular, compared to thermal render systems. Consequently, an optimum compromise among thermal, hygric, and physical properties should be made.
机译：寻求具有增强的热性能的建筑围护结构以符合降低指令U值的欧洲指令。与传统的抹灰相比，热抹灰的导热系数低，并且结合了良好的热性能和易于通过机械喷涂的方法。这项工作的主要目的是评估和比较三种不同欧洲气候下的热提炼系统的湿热性能。进行了广泛的实验室表征，测量了物理和湿热材料的性能。证实了热导率随水含量线性增加，因此如果不利于保湿性能，则可以直接损害热性能。由于开孔和封闭孔的分布导致不同的结果，因此发现孔隙率和微观结构对其他性能有重大影响。高比例的中孔有助于在建筑物的使用寿命内提供相关的水分。湿热模拟表明，面漆对整个系统的湿热行为有重要影响。经过热改良的外墙的应用意味着不同层之间的温差增加，尤其是在热压实中，这会加剧热应力。作为外部隔热材料，分析后的系统表明，模拟的外部绝热复合系统（ETICS）通常表现出良好的性能。但是，与热提炼系统相比，ETICS的凝结潜力更高。因此，应在热，湿气和物理性能之间做出最佳折衷。

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