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Children's exposure to sized-fractioned particulate matter and black carbon in an urban environment

机译：在城市环境中，儿童暴露于大小分级的颗粒物和黑碳中

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摘要

Fine air particulate matter (PM2.5) is currently one of the major environmental issues influencing people's health. The first step for assessing the health effects of inhaled PM2.5 is based on the evaluation of the human exposure levels. The main objective of this study is to quantify children's daily exposure to sized-fractioned PM2.5 and Black Carbon (BC) in an urban environment. Children from Lisbon metropolitan area carried portable monitoring equipment during three days and recorded the time spent in their activities and respective micro-environments (MEs). The average exposure to PM2.5 (19 mu g/m(3)) was higher than that registered by the nearest fixed urban background station (11 mu g/m(3)), evidencing the importance of assessing the personal daily exposure. The average exposure to PM1, PM0.5 and PM0.25 was 14 mu g/m(3), 11 mu g/m(3), and 7.7 mu g/m(3), respectively. Time-activity pattern records showed that children spent more than 80% of their time indoors, especially at home (55%) and in the classroom (22%), where they received 44% of the daily BC dose. Although commuting only accounted for 5.0% of the daily time, children inhaled 23% of their daily BC dose when travelling in rush hours to school. Time series analysis of the BC concentrations showed an average of 1.3 mu g/m(3), with high peak levels in underground parking lots (63 mu g/m(3)), during charcoal grills (53 mu g/m(3)), and when candles were burning (6.6 mu g/m(3)). This work highlights the importance of urban planning to reduce children's exposure to traffic emissions, combined with awareness-raising actions for citizens concerning the impact of indoor sources.
机译：目前，空气细颗粒物（PM2.5）是影响人们健康的主要环境问题之一。评估吸入的PM2.5对健康的影响的第一步是基于对人体暴露水平的评估。这项研究的主要目的是量化儿童在城市环境中每天暴露于大小分级的PM2.5和黑碳（BC）的量。里斯本大都会地区的儿童在三天内携带了便携式监控设备，并记录了他们在活动中所花费的时间以及各自的微环境。 PM2.5的平均暴露量（19μg / m（3））高于最近的固定城市背景监测站记录的平均暴露量（11μg/ m（3）），这证明了评估个人每日暴露量的重要性。 PM1，PM0.5和PM0.25的平均暴露量分别为14μg/ m（3），11μg/ m（3）和7.7μg/ m（3）。时间活动模式记录显示，儿童在室内度过的时间超过80％，尤其是在家（55％）和教室（22％），在那里他们接受了每日BC剂量的44％。尽管通勤仅占每天时间的5.0％，但孩子们在高峰时间上学时吸入其每日BC剂量的23％。 BC浓度的时间序列分析显示，在木炭烧烤期间，平均浓度为1.3μg / m（3），在地下停车场（63μg / m（3））中出现高峰值水平， ）和蜡烛燃烧时（6.6μg / m（3））。这项工作强调了进行城市规划以减少儿童受到交通排放的影响的重要性，并结合了提高市民对室内污染源的认识的行动。

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  • 来源
    《Building and Environment》 |2019年第5期|187-194|共8页
  • 作者

    Cunha-Lopes I; Martins V; Faria T.; Correia C.; Almeida S. M.;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Nucl, Estr Nacl 10, P-2695066 Bobadela Lrs, Portugal;

    Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Nucl, Estr Nacl 10, P-2695066 Bobadela Lrs, Portugal;

    Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Nucl, Estr Nacl 10, P-2695066 Bobadela Lrs, Portugal;

    Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Nucl, Estr Nacl 10, P-2695066 Bobadela Lrs, Portugal;

    Univ Lisbon, Inst Super Tecn, Ctr Ciencias & Tecnol Nucl, Estr Nacl 10, P-2695066 Bobadela Lrs, Portugal;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Children; Time-activity pattern; PM2.5; Black carbon; Personal exposure; Inhaled dose;

    机译：儿童;时间活动模式;PM2.5;黑碳;个人接触;吸入剂量;

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