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Biodiversity impact assessment of building's roofs based on Life Cycle Assessment methods

机译：基于生命周期评估方法的建筑屋顶的生物多样性影响评价

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To fight against the biodiversity loss and to take advantage of ecosystem services that nature can offer, urban planners integrate green spaces in urban projects. However to assess green spaces, attention is generally paid to local biodiversity (i.e. "in situ") which concerns the plot on which buildings are constructed. The biodiversity impacted outside the construction site (i.e. "ex situ") which concerns the extraction of materials, transportation and waste, is rarely associated to the project assessment.In this study, two endpoint Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods are applied: ReCiPe 2016 and Impact World + to assess a conventional roof and three different types of green roofs. As Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) data about urban plants are missing, we created new data to model the vegetation layer of green roofs by collecting information nearby plants nursery.This work shows that 1) extensive green roof generates the least biodiversity loss, 2) "ex situ" biodiversity is 10 times more impacted than "in situ" biodiversity, 3) the impact of the vegetation layer on the biodiversity loss is significant.LCA methods do not enable to cover all pressures threatening biodiversity and they also lack precision to assess "in situ" biodiversity. Nevertheless, their main strength is to consider "ex situ" biodiversity along the value chain of the studied systems.Coupling LCA with ecological expertise should improve the assessment by taking into account local specificities and both negative and positive impacts of a system (e.g. "in situ" biodiversity gains with green roofs).
机译：打击生物多样性损失，利用自然可以提供的生态系统服务，城市规划人员在城市项目中整合绿色空间。然而，为了评估绿地，通常关注当地生物多样性（即“原位”），涉及建造建筑物的情节。涉及材料，运输和废物的提取的建造场所（即“EXITU”）影响的生物多样性很少与项目评估相关。本研究，应用了两个端点生命周期评估（LCA）方法：配方2016年和影响世界+评估传统屋顶和三种不同类型的绿色屋顶。随着生命周期库存（LCI）关于城市植物的数据缺失，我们创建了通过收集植物苗圃的信息来模拟绿色屋顶植被层的新数据。这项工作表明，1）广泛的绿色屋顶产生最少的生物多样性损失，2） “前所”生物多样性比“原位”生物多样性的影响10倍，3）植被层对生物多样性损失的影响是显着的.LCA方法不能使威胁生物多样性的所有压力，它们也缺乏评估精度“原位”生物多样性。尽管如此，他们的主要优势是考虑沿着研究系统的价值链的“ex原位”生物多样性。通过生态专业知识汇合LCA，应通过考虑到当地特异性以及系统的负面和积极影响来改善评估（例如“原位“生物多样性地收益与绿色屋顶）。

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