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A single-layer urban canopy model with transmissive radiation exchange between trees and street canyons

机译：具有树木和街道峡谷之间的透射辐射交换的单层城市冠层模型

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Urban trees are one of the most effective strategies to mitigate excessive heat stress in cities. To understand the underlying mechanisms of their cooling effect and to assess their use in urban planning, the accurate simulation of how trees interact with the ambient built environment is critical and imperative. However, the representation of urban trees in existing urban canopy models (in particular the single-layer ones) remains oversimplified. Here we develop a new Monte Carlo ray tracing method to explicitly resolve the canopy transmittance and evaluate its impact on radiative view factors between trees and regular building facets. The new method is highly accurate in reproducing analytical solutions. Sensitivity tests of radiative view factors suggest the importance of canopy transmittance in changing the radiation exchange. We then incorporate the ray tracing algorithm into the new version of the Arizona State University (ASU) Single-Layer Urban Canopy Model (ASLUM v3.1). In addition to radiation transmittance, ASLUM v3.1 explicitly resolves the radiative shading, evapotranspiration, and mot water uptake of urban trees in street canyons, with significantly improved performance in predictions (especially latent heat flux) when compared to previous versions. We further apply ASLUM v3.1 to evaluate the impacts of trees with varying characteristics on urban radiation exchange and turbulent heat fluxes. Results show that urban trees reduce the net radiation of ground and wall as well as the daytime temperature via shading and transpiration, but may slightly warm the nighttime street canyons through radiative trapping effect.
机译：城市树是减轻城市过度热压力的最有效的策略之一。要了解其冷却效果的潜在机制，并评估其在城市规划中的使用，准确模拟树木如何与环境建筑环境互动是至关重要的。然而，现有城市冠层模型（特别是单层）的城市树木的代表仍然过于简单化。在这里，我们开发了一种新的蒙特卡罗射线跟踪方法，明确地解决了树冠透射率，并评估了树木和常规建筑面之间的辐射视图因素的影响。新方法在再现分析解决方案方面是高度准确的。辐射视图因素的敏感性测试表明树冠透射率在改变辐射交换时的重要性。然后，我们将光线跟踪算法纳入新版本的亚利桑那州立大学（ASU）单层城市冠层模型（ASLUM V3.1）。除了辐射透射率，Aslum V3.1除了与以前的版本相比，aslum v3.1明确地解析了城市树木的辐射遮蔽，蒸散，蒸散，蒸散，蒸散，蒸散，蒸散，蒸散，蒸散，蒸散，越野树木的性能显着提高了预测（特别是潜热通量）的性能。我们进一步应用Aslum v3.1来评估树木对城市辐射交换和湍流热量的不同特征的影响。结果表明，城市树木通过着色和蒸腾减少了地面和墙壁以及白天温度的净辐射，但可能通过辐射捕获效果轻微温暖夜间街道峡谷。

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