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首页> 外文期刊>Building and Environment >A 3D multi-segment thermoregulation model of the hand with realistic anatomy: Development, validation, and parametric analysis
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A 3D multi-segment thermoregulation model of the hand with realistic anatomy: Development, validation, and parametric analysis

机译：具有现实解剖学的手的3D多段热调节模型：开发，验证和参数分析

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A three-dimensional (3D) multi-segment hand-specific thermoregulation model was developed as a fundamental tool for spatial and temporal skin temperature prediction. Cold-induced vasodilation in fingers was simulated by superimposing symmetrical triangular waveforms onto the basal blood flow. The model used realistic anatomical, physiological, and thermo-physical information of a standard human hand and forearm. The inhomogeneity of hand thermal and physiological properties was considered by dividing it into 17 segments: palm, dorsal, forearm, and five fingers, with each finger subdivided into fingertip, middle segment, and finger root except for the thumb, which has no middle segment. Each segment contained a bone core and an outer soft tissue layer. 3D scanning technology was employed to develop the geometrically realistic model of the hand and the bone. The thermo-physical and physiological properties of each segment and layer were obtained from a photogrammetric analysis of anatomic atlases and from literature. Heat transfer throughout the hand by metabolism, blood perfusion, and conduction between the tissue was considered. Heat loss by convection and radiation from the skin and the protective effects of gloves were also included in the model. The model showed good agreement with experimental data from the literature. The developed 3D hand model fills the knowledge gap and builds a bridge between existing knowledge of the hand's physiology and its application, providing a science-based tool for decision making. The understanding from model studies may also help enhance the wearer's working efficiency, safety, health, and wellbeing while working in indoor and outdoor cold environments.
机译：三维（3D）多段手特定的热调节模型作为空间和时间皮肤温度预测的基本工具。通过将对称三角形波形叠加到基础血流上，模拟了手指中的冷诱导的血管舒张。该模型使用了标准人体手和前臂的现实解剖，生理学和热物理信息。通过将其分成17个区段来考虑手热和生理性质的不均匀性：手掌，背部，前臂和五个手指，每个手指细分为指尖，中间段和手指根，除了拇指，没有中间部分。每个区段含有骨芯和外软组织层。采用3D扫描技术开发手和骨骼的几何现实模型。每个区段和层的热物理和生理特性是从解剖结构和文献的摄影测量分析中获得。考虑通过代谢，血液灌注和组织之间的传导在整个手中的热传递。模型中还包括对对流和来自皮肤的辐射和辐射的热量损失以及手套的保护作用。该模型与文献中的实验数据显示出良好的一致性。开发的3D手模型填补了知识差距，并在手动生理学的现有知识与应用之间构建了一座桥梁，提供了一种用于决策的科学工具。从模型研究中的了解还可能有助于提高穿着者的工作效率，安全，健康和福祉，同时在室内和户外感冒环境中工作。

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