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Methods to assess human occupancy and occupant activity in hospital patient rooms

机译：评估医院病房中人员占用和人员活动的方法

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Human occupants have a profound influence on indoor environments, although there is limited information on means to cost-effectively assess occupant metrics in all types of buildings. Multiple measures of occupancy (i.e., the number of occupants and the duration of their presence) and occupant activity (i.e., the number of occupant movements through room doorways) were investigated in ten single-patient rooms in a new hospital in Chicago, Illinois as part of the Hospital Microbiome Project, with the overarching goal of determining occupant characteristics to inform an investigation of interactions between humans and microbial communities. Four relatively low-cost, non-invasive methods to estimate time-resolved occupancy and occupant activity were developed using data from (1) CO2 concentration sensors installed in patient rooms and the supply air streams serving each room and (2) non-directional doorway beam-break sensors installed at each patient room doorway. A method that utilized data from both sensors produced the most accurate estimates and was used to characterize time-varying occupancy and occupant activity. Daily occupancy varied among rooms, with median values ranging from 0 to 3 persons per hour. Occupant activity exhibited less variation on average (approximately 8 doorway movements per hour), but reached high levels on certain days for some patient rooms. No consistent relationship was observed between estimated occupancy and occupant activity, indicating that one metric cannot be inferred from the other. This study shows that this dual-sensor methodology provides a relatively inexpensive, non-invasive, accurate approach to estimate occupancy and occupant activity in an environment with rigorous privacy and security limitations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：尽管对于在各种类型的建筑物中经济有效地评估占用指标的方法信息有限，但是占用人员对室内环境具有深远的影响。在伊利诺伊州芝加哥市一家新医院的十个单人病房中，对占用率（即占用者的人数及其在场的持续时间）和占用者活动（即通过房间门口的占用者移动的次数）的多种度量进行了调查。医院微生物组项目的一部分，其总体目标是确定居住者的特征，从而为调查人类与微生物群落之间的相互作用提供依据。使用来自（1）安装在患者病房中的CO2浓度传感器以及为每个病房提供服务的空气流和（2）非定向门道的数据，开发了四种成本相对较低的非侵入性方法来估计时间分辨的占用率和占用者活动。光束中断传感器安装在每个病房门口。一种利用来自两个传感器的数据的方法产生了最准确的估计值，并用于表征随时间变化的占用率和占用者活动。每天的入住率因房间而异，中位数为每小时0到3人。乘员活动平均表现出较小的变化（每小时大约8次门口移动），但某些患者房间在某些天达到较高水平。在估计的占用率和占用者活动之间未观察到一致的关系，表明无法从另一项指标推论出一种指标。这项研究表明，这种双传感器方法提供了一种相对便宜，无创，准确的方法来估计在隐私和安全性受到严格限制的环境中的占用率和占用者活动。 （C）2015 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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