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Experimental assessment of exposure to gaseous pollutants from mattresses and pillows while asleep

机译：在睡眠时暴露于床垫和枕头中的气态污染物的实验评估

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摘要

There is very little information about human exposure to gaseous indoor air pollutants in the sleeping environment, even though the conditions in this environment are at least worrisome. The exposure during sleep is characterized by long exposure time, both absolute and relative, prevalence of specific pollutants and uncustomary proximity of sources to the breathing zone. This paper reports experimental results that show the impact of the proximity of possible emission sources such as a mattress, pillow and toy, on exposure of the sleeping subjects to these emissions. Based on full scale experiments in an environmental chamber using a breathing thermal manikin the intake fraction for gaseous pollutants are measured as well as the occurrence of rebreathing. Intake fractions for several sleep positions as well as different bedding arrangements are reported. The results show that human metabolism and corresponding heat release by the human body are dominant factors in the dilution of pollutants emitted in close proximity of the nose, reducing exposure by 40% compared to a case without metabolic heat output. This effect is more important than the sleep position. An important finding is that sleeping with the head under the covers increases intake by a factor 24 and results in a rebreathing rate of over 60%.
机译：尽管在此环境中的条件至少令人担忧，但是关于人类在睡眠环境中暴露于气态室内空气污染物的信息很少。睡眠期间的暴露特征是暴露时间长，绝对和相对的暴露时间长，特定污染物的盛行率以及源与呼吸区的惯常接近程度。本文报道的实验结果表明，可能的排放源（如床垫，枕头和玩具）的接近度对睡眠中的受试者暴露于这些排放源的影响。基于使用呼吸热人体模型在环境室中进行的全面实验，可以测量气体污染物的进气分数以及重新呼吸的发生。报告了几个睡眠位置以及不同寝具安排的摄入分数。结果表明，人体代谢和人体相应的热量释放是稀释鼻子附近排放的污染物的主要因素，与没有代谢热量输出的情况相比，暴露量减少了40％。此效果比睡眠位置更重要。一个重要发现是，头部在被子下睡觉可以使摄入量增加24倍，并导致重新呼吸率超过60％。

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  • 来源
    《Building and Environment》 |2013年第1期|203-210|共8页
  • 作者

    J. Laverge; A. Novoselac; R. Corsi; A. Janssens;

  • 作者单位

    Ghent University, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Gent, Belgium;

    University of Texas at Austin (UT), CEER, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX, USA;

    University of Texas at Austin (UT), CEER, 10100 Burnet Road, Austin, TX, USA;

    Ghent University, Department of Architecture and Urban Planning, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Gent, Belgium;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    sleep; mattress; exposure; breathing; manikin; pillow;

    机译：睡觉;床垫;接触;呼吸;人体模型枕头;

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