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Ventilation rates in schools and pupils' performance

机译：学校的通风率和学生的表现

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This paper is a development of our earlier work [5,6,11 ]. The effects of classroom ventilation on pupils' performance were investigated in 8 primary schools in England. In each school the concentrations of carbon dioxide and other parameters were monitored for three weeks in two selected classrooms. In 16 classrooms interventions were made to improve the ventilation rate and maintain the temperature within an acceptable range using a purpose-built portable mechanical ventilation system. As a result of the interventions the provision of outdoor air to the classrooms was improved from the prevailing levels of about 1 l/s per person to about 8 1/s per person. The pupils and teachers in the classrooms studied were usually exposed to unacceptably poor air quality conditions, with CO_2 concentrations of up to 5000 ppm, much higher than the average recommended levels of 1500 ppm and the preferred level of 1000 ppm. The results of computerized performance tasks performed by more than 200 pupils showed significantly faster and more accurate responses for Choice Reaction (by 2.2%), Colour Word Vigilance (by 2.7%), Picture Memory (by 8%) and Word Recognition (by 15%) at the higher ventilation rates compared with the low ventilation conditions. The present investigation provides strong evidence that low ventilation rates in classrooms significantly reduce pupils' attention and vigilance, and negatively affect memory and concentration. The physical environment therefore affects teaching and learning.
机译：本文是对我们早期工作的发展[5,6,11]。在英格兰的8所小学中，研究了教室通风对学生表现的影响。在每所学校中，在两个选定的教室中对二氧化碳的浓度和其他参数进行了三周的监控。在16个教室中，进行了干预，目的是使用专用便携式机械通风系统提高通风率并将温度保持在可接受的范围内。作为干预的结果，向教室提供的室外空气从目前的每人约1 l / s的水平提高到了每人约8 1 / s的水平。在所研究的教室中，学生和教师通常暴露在令人无法接受的恶劣空气质量条件下，其CO_2浓度高达5000 ppm，远远高于建议的平均水平1500 ppm和优选的水平1000 ppm。由200多名学生执行的计算机化表演任务的结果表明，对选择反应（2.2％），颜色单词警惕（2.7％），图片记忆（8％）和单词识别（15）的反应明显更快，更准确％）在较低通风条件下的较高通风率下使用。本研究提供了有力的证据，表明教室低通风率会大大降低学生的注意力和警惕性，并对记忆力和注意力产生负面影响。因此，物理环境会影响教学。

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