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The interaction of rivers and urban form in mitigating the Urban Heat Island effect: A UK case study

机译：河流和城市形态在缓解城市热岛效应中的相互作用：英国案例研究

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摘要

The Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect already produces elevated temperatures in city centres therefore urban design has a key role to pay in reducing the UHI to create safe and pleasant places in which to live and work. Increased surface porosity and bodies of surface water have a role to play in increasing potential cooling through evaporation. Urban rivers may, therefore, have a place in reducing the UHI. This paper investigates the effectiveness that small urban rivers may have in reducing the UHI effect and also examines the role that the urban form on the banks of a river can play in propagating or reducing this potential cooling. The results from a field survey during spring and summer are presented for a river in Sheffield, UK. The level of cooling is related to the ambient air temperature, increasing at higher temperatures. However, there are also seasonal dependencies and relationships linked to the river water temperature, incident solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity. A mean level of daytime cooling of over 1.5 °C was found above the river in spring, but this was reduced in summer when the river water temperature was warmer. The urban form on the river bank influenced the levels of cooling felt away from the river bank.
机译：城市热岛效应（UHI）已经在市中心产生高温，因此城市设计在降低UHI创造安全和宜人的居住和工作场所方面起着关键作用。增加的表面孔隙率和地表水体在通过蒸发增加潜在的冷却方面起着作用。因此，城市河流可能在减少UHI方面占有一席之地。本文研究了小型城市河流可能在降低UHI效应方面的有效性，并研究了河岸上的城市形态在传播或减少这种潜在的降温中所起的作用。春季和夏季的野外调查结果显示在英国谢菲尔德的一条河流上。冷却水平与周围空气温度有关，在较高温度下会增加。但是，还存在与河流水温，入射太阳辐射，风速和相对湿度有关的季节依赖性和关系。春季在河上发现白天平均降温超过1.5°C，但是在夏天河水温度变高时，白天的平均降温有所降低。河岸上的城市形态影响了远离河岸的凉爽程度。

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