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Impact of urban geometry on outdoor thermal comfort and air quality from field measurements in Curitiba, Brazil

机译：根据巴西库里提巴的实地测量，城市几何形状对室外热舒适性和空气质量的影响

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摘要

Urban climate can have severe impacts on people who use outdoor spaces within a city. In its essence, urban climate is directly linked to the configuration of street axes, building heights and their attributes. Thus, the role of urban planners can be crucial for guaranteeing outdoor thermal comfort and air quality in open spaces. This paper presents observed and estimated relations between urban morphology and changes in microclimate and air quality within a city center. Two approaches are presented, showing results of field measurements and urban climate simulations using the ENVI-met software suite. From measured microclimatic data and comfort surveys, carried out in downtown Curitiba, Brazil, the impact of street geometry on ambient temperatures and on daytime pedestrian comfort levels was evaluated, using the sky-view factor (SVF) as indicator of the complexity of the urban geometry. The impact of street orientation relative to prevailing winds and the resulting effects of ventilation (air speed and spatial distribution) on the dispersion of traffic-generated air pollutants were additionally analyzed by means of computer simulations. Results show the impact of urban geometry on human thermal comfort in pedestrian streets and on the outcomes of pollutant dispersion scenarios.
机译：城市气候可能会对在城市中使用室外空间的人们产生严重影响。从本质上讲，城市气候与路轴，建筑物高度及其属性直接相关。因此，城市规划人员的角色对于保证露天场所的室外热舒适性和空气质量至关重要。本文提出并评估了城市形态与市中心小气候和空气质量变化之间的关系。提出了两种方法，显示了使用ENVI-met软件套件进行的野外测量和城市气候模拟的结果。根据在巴西库里提巴市中心进行的微气候数据和舒适度调查，使用天空因子（SVF）作为城市复杂性的指标，评估了街道几何形状对环境温度和白天行人舒适度的影响几何。此外，还通过计算机模拟分析了街道朝向相对于盛行风的影响以及通气（风速和空间分布）对交通产生的空气污染物扩散的影响。结果表明，城市几何形状对步行街的人类热舒适性以及污染物扩散情景的影响。

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