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Space and spatiality: what the built environment needs from social theory

机译：空间与空间：社会理论对建筑环境的需求

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To foresee social outcomes from decisions about the physical and spatial form of the built environment, built environment professionals need to make use of theory-like propositions linking the two domains. In the absence of scientifically tested propositions, a shifting consensus of beliefs fills the need, and it can take decades of social costs to show the inadequacy of these beliefs. The problem of social theory and the built environment is then defined for the purposes of this paper in terms of the potential for testable propositions at the level at which one intervenes in the built environment. This is called the need for 'design-level' theories, defining design in the broad sense of all the choices and decisions made by built environment professionals in creating and modifying the built environment. Examining social theory under two broad headings, 'urban sociology' and 'society and space', it is noted that both approach the society-environment relation 'society first', in that the form of the environment is sought as the product of the spatial dimensions of social processes. This is called the 'spatiality' paradigm, and note that such approaches have never reached, and probably can never reach, the level of precision about the built environment which would be needed to found testable propositions at the design level. The alternative is to turn the question the other way round and through 'environment first' studies look for evidence of social processes in the spatial forms of the built environment. Recent work of this kind is outlined within the 'space syntax' paradigm and it is shown how the greater descriptive precision this brings to the built environment both permits linkages to mainline formulations in social theory and leads to testable design-level propositions.
机译：为了从有关建筑环境的物理和空间形式的决策中预见社会结果，建筑环境专业人员需要利用将两个领域联系在一起的类似理论的命题。在没有经过科学检验的命题的情况下，不断变化的信念共识可以满足需求，并且可能需要数十年的社会成本才能证明这些信念的不足。然后，出于本文的目的，根据人们干预建筑环境的可测试命题的潜力来定义社会理论和建筑环境的问题。这就是所谓的“设计级”理论的需要，它从广义上定义了设计，定义了建筑环境专业人员在创建和修改建筑环境中做出的所有选择和决定。在“城市社会学”和“社会与空间”两个大标题下研究社会理论时，应注意到两者都着眼于“社会至上”的社会-环境关系，因为环境的形式被寻求为空间的产物社会过程的维度。这被称为“空间”范式，并请注意，这种方法从未达到，也可能永远无法达到构建环境的精度水平，而在设计水平上找到可测试的命题将需要这种方法。另一种选择是反过来提出问题，并通过“环境优先”研究来寻找建筑环境空间形式中社会过程的证据。在“空间语法”范式中概述了此类最新工作，并显示了它给建筑环境带来的更高描述精度如何既允许与社会理论中的主线公式建立链接，又导致可测试的设计级命题。

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