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Conceptualizing the built environment as a social-ecological system

机译：将建筑环境概念化为社会生态系统

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Formulating a unified theory of the built environment may require that the built environment be understood as a complex social-ecological system, where multiple-related metabolisms interact at different scales. From this broad systems perspective, the dividing line between what is considered as nature and what is considered as built environment becomes a cultural attribute that changes with the historical context. Over the past four centuries, notions of environmental accounting and material metabolism have expanded from year-to-year economic and biological exchanges to energy, material, financial, and information flows extended through time and space. At present, the necessary extension of system limits in time and space is best achieved by combining a number of methods, including flow-based models and resource-conservation-based models, and top-down and bottom-up modelling approaches. Artefacts, flows, and actors can be linked over time by means of a common framework for describing the built environment, and by life cycle-oriented product modelling techniques. Despite such advances, existing theory seems incapable of fully integrating spatial and physical relationships, and is especially challenged when dealing with concepts of time. Ecological models provide a useful basis for new timing tools that integrate different time scales, past and future, and that allow for an assessment of adaptive capacity and other aspects of system resiliency. These models can be used to understand better the impact of different managerial and social policies at both the macro- and the micro-level. The management of the long-term evolution of this social-ecological system can only be assured through appropriating ecological concepts of time, and by integrating the history of nature with the history of human culture.
机译：建立一个统一的建筑环境理论可能需要将建筑环境理解为一个复杂的社会生态系统，其中多种相关的新陈代谢在不同的规模上相互作用。从这种广泛的系统角度来看，被视为自然的事物与被视为建筑环境的分界线成为随历史背景而变化的文化属性。在过去的四个世纪中，环境核算和物质代谢的概念已经从逐年的经济和生物交换扩展到了随时间和空间扩展的能源，物质，财务和信息流。当前，通过组合多种方法（包括基于流的模型和基于资源节约的模型以及自上而下和自下而上的建模方法），可以最好地实现对系统时间和空间限制的必要扩展。可以通过用于描述所构建环境的通用框架以及面向生命周期的产品建模技术，随着时间的推移来链接文物，流程和参与者。尽管取得了这些进步，现有的理论似乎无法完全整合空间和物理关系，并且在处理时间概念时尤其面临挑战。生态模型为新的计时工具提供了有用的基础，这些计时工具集成了过去和将来的不同时间范围，并可以评估自适应能力和系统弹性的其他方面。这些模型可用于更好地理解宏观和微观层面上不同管理和社会政策的影响。只有通过适当的时间生态概念，并将自然史和人类文化史结合起来，才能确保管理这种社会生态系统的长期发展。

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