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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >LA CONCEPTION ZOOLOGIQUE CLASSIQUE DE LA DOMESTICATION : PRESENTATION GENERALE
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LA CONCEPTION ZOOLOGIQUE CLASSIQUE DE LA DOMESTICATION : PRESENTATION GENERALE

机译：家庭的经典生态设计：一般表现形式

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The words "domestication" and "domestic animal" sometimes lose to-day their classical meaning. People even forget that they had a precise signification in zoology. The author tries to summarize the classical zoological conception of domestication, with some risks of over-simplification. It is difficult to define what is a domesticated animal, but three characteristics can be recognized: some degree of taming, a control of breeding by man, a use of the animal. A useless animal cannot be, or does not remain, domesticated. The difference between a wild species and its derived domesticated form is not always clear and some scientists refuse to separate them. The number of species which are recognized as domesticated by everybody is reduced to about 30. It seems that the ability of an animal to have social relationships with man is an important factor to consider : this explains why molluscs, insects and fishes have no representatives on the agreed list. Nevertheless, a wild species can also be bred and reared by man. There does exist a predisposition to domestication, which depends at least on social organisation, breeding practices, feeding habits and the influence of captivity on fertility. Man cannot hope to domesticate any species he chooses. The domestication process, which gradually leads a species from wild to domestic status is situated in time, with a very variable period according to species. Some new ones can be concerned to-day. Zoologists have not attempted to estimate how long a period of breeding is necessary before becoming domesticated, but it is admitted that it is long. A few breeding generations alone are not enough. Domestication also has a geographic component, with a strong modern tendency to multicentrism. Domestication is the result of a long breeding process, whose consequences on the morphology, anatomy, physiology, behaviour and genetic structure of animals are considerable. Even under the hypothesis that any domestic species could revert to the wild state, a very long period of natural selection would be necessary before the species would again be recognized as wild. The classical zoological conception of domestication is often considered too strict, which is probably true. Nevertheless, it has its logic and consistency. For these reasons, it should not be forgotten.
机译：如今，“驯养”和“家畜”一词有时会失去其经典含义。人们甚至忘记了他们在生态学上有确切的含义。作者试图总结驯化的经典动物学概念，但有过分简化的风险。很难定义什么是家畜，但可以认识到三个特征：某种程度的驯服，对人的繁殖的控制，对动物的使用。无用的动物不能或不可以被驯养。野生物种及其衍生的驯养形式之间的区别并不总是很清楚，有些科学家拒绝将它们分开。每个人公认的驯化物种的数量减少到大约30种。看来，动物与人建立社会关系的能力是一个重要的考虑因素：这解释了为什么软体动物，昆虫和鱼类没有任何代表。商定的清单。尽管如此，野生物种也可以由人类繁殖和饲养。确实存在驯化的倾向，这至少取决于社会组织，繁殖习惯，喂养习惯以及人工饲养对生育力的影响。人不能指望驯养他选择的任何物种。驯化过程是一个时间，根据物种的不同，驯化过程会逐渐将其从野生状态带入家庭状态。今天可以关注一些新的东西。动物学家没有试图估计驯化之前需要多长时间的繁殖，但公认的是很长的时间。仅靠几代繁殖是不够的。驯化还具有地理成分，具有现代的多中心主义倾向。驯化是一个漫长的繁殖过程的结果，其对动物的形态，解剖，生理，行为和遗传结构的影响相当大。即使在任何驯养物种都可以恢复为野生状态的假设下，在再次将该物种确认为野生物种之前，也必须进行很长时间的自然选择。传统的动物学动物学概念通常被认为过于严格，这可能是正确的。但是，它具有逻辑性和一致性。由于这些原因，不应忘记它。

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