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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >LA NON-ESPECE ET LA BETE DE L'APOCALYPSE
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LA NON-ESPECE ET LA BETE DE L'APOCALYPSE

机译：非物种与顶峰的破坏

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Not belonging to any species may seem to contradict with Linnean taxonomy, but it is quite common. We will demonstrate first that, if the criteria of species were strictly applied, species would be almost the exception and non-species the rule. The criterion of similarity produces many non-species. Lumpers decide that some taxonomic groups do not have the characteristics of a species, but are sub-species. At the other extreme, splitters create hundreds of Jordanons and maintain that traditional species are general groupings. To name as a species that which is not, explains a large part of the synonymy. According to the criterion of descendance, the species is the ultimate monophyletic taxon, to which only descendants of a common ancestor who is both father and model can belong. As a result, we have endless off-shoots. Furthermore, the products of cross-breeding are poly- or paraphyletic taxa. One could almost say that each individual belongs to a species of its own or perhaps to none. According to the biological concept, species suggests interfertility . This system rules-out as non-species all asexual and parthenogenetic taxa, even though there are many of them. Populations that are isolated or of indefinable fertility cannot be assigned to a species. Finally, hybrids, presumed to be sterile, are totally ignored. Here too there are numerous non-species. In spite of this, unclassifiables are widespread and universally recognised for their adaptive, evolutionary and ecological roles: the hopeful monster , proliferative clones, introgressants, hybrids in marginal zones, etc. These amazing exceptions can be explained by idealised descriptions of species, which overestimate the preciseness, accuracy and concordance of the criteria. In myths which deal with the logic and the perfection of the world, species provide the strongest image of the appropriateness and the natural affinity of living beings. The non-species reveals disorder.
机译：不属于任何物种似乎都与Linnean分类法相矛盾，但这很普遍。我们将首先证明，如果严格执行物种标准，则物种几乎是例外，非物种是规则。相似性标准产生许多非物种。集总者认为某些分类群不具有物种的特征，而是亚种。在另一个极端，分裂者创造了数百个乔丹，并坚持认为传统物种是一般的群体。将其命名为不是的物种，解释了大部分同义词。根据后代标准，该物种是最终的单系分类单元，只有父亲和模型的共同祖先的后代才能属于该物种。结果，我们有无穷无尽的分支。此外，杂交产品是多类或类属类群。几乎可以说每个人都属于自己的物种，或者可能不属于任何物种。根据生物学概念，“物种”暗示“不育”。该系统将所有无性和孤雌生殖类群排除为非物种，尽管其中有很多。孤立的或生育力不确定的种群不能分配给一个物种。最后，被认为是不育的杂种被完全忽略了。这里也有许多非物种。尽管如此，《不可分类的》因其适应，进化和生态作用而得到了广泛的认可，包括：《希望的怪物》，增殖性克隆，渐渗体，边缘区域的杂种等。这些惊人的例外可以解释。通过对物种的理想化描述，从而高估了标准的准确性，准确性和一致性。在有关世界的逻辑和完美的神话中，物种提供了最恰当的形象以及生物的自然亲和力。非物种揭示疾病。

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